By the end of the 1800s, the naturalization process was being misused, and even abused in some localities. After extensive investigation, Congress passed changes to the naturalization procedures in 1906, creating a federal agency to oversee the process. The 1906 creation of the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization was to provide for a uniform rule for the naturalization of aliens throughout the country. This new agency decided to pursue this objective through the use of administrative rules, including the caveat that naturalizations must be done on the blank forms and records provided exclusively from the Bureau. With this simple procedure, the Bureau determined which courts were permitted to naturalize immigrants. That oversight proved effective. The 1905 Presidential Commission on Naturalization found that 5,160 courts were, or had, been naturalizing aliens. By 1908, only 2,244 courts were authorized. A useful listing of those courts, is A Directory of Courts Having Jurisdiction in Naturalization Proceedings issued by the Justice Department in 1963. This directory indicates the status (active, inactive, never active, etc.) and indicates which courts assumed jurisdiction for those no longer naturalizing. Over time, the control shifted to the federal courts, and fewer state courts were permitted to naturalize, especially after 1929. However, even after this date some state courts were permitted to naturalize, while some federal courts never exercised the jurisdiction.