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Ancestors of Martha Jo (Martha) Cross

Generation No. 32


      3515015424. I Robert Of Brus, born Bef. 1066; died Unknown. He was the son of 7030030848. Adam Of Bruce.

Notes for I Robert Of Brus:
Robert de Brus was a wealthy baron in Yorkshire, England, in the reign of William The Conquerer, with whom he had come from Normandy. He had the castle and manor of Skelton, in Yorkshire, and Hert and Hertness, in the Bishoprick of Durham. Before the end of the reign of the Conqueror, Robert De Brus possessed ninety-four lordships in Yorkshire. Robert became one of the great magnates of northern England, Lord of Cleveland and a Royal Justice for King Henry I.
(Source: "My Ancestors Came With The Conquerer," by Anthony J. Camp, 1994, Genealogical Publishing Co.)
     
Child of I Robert Of Brus is:
  1757507712 i.   II Robert Of Brus/Bruce, born in Gysburn, Scotland; died 1141 in Gysburn, Scotland; married Agnes Of Paganell.


      3515015426. Fulk Of Paganell, died Unknown.
     
Child of Fulk Of Paganell is:
  1757507713 i.   Agnes Of Paganell, died Unknown; married II Robert Of Brus/Bruce.


      3515015456. Gilbert Fitz Richard Of Clare, born 1065 in Suffolk, England; died 1114 in England. He was the son of 7030030912. Richard Fitz Gilbert and 7030030913. Rohese Giffard Of Longueville. He married 3515015457. Alice (Adeliza) Of Clermont Bef. 1090 in England.

      3515015457. Alice (Adeliza) Of Clermont, born 1058 in North Hamptonshire, England; died Unknown. She was the daughter of 7030030914. Hugh Of Clermont and 7030030915. Margaret Of Roucy.

  Notes for Alice (Adeliza) Of Clermont:


+ 10 v. BALDWIN FITZ GILBERT, d. in 1154; m. ADELINE DE ROLLOS.
11 vi. MARGARET, d. after 1185.

     
Children of Gilbert Of Clare and Alice Of Clermont are:
  1757507728 i.   Richard Fitz Richard Of Clare, died Unknown; married Adeliza (Alice) Of Meschines in England.
  ii.   Margaret Fitz Richard Of Clare, died Aft. 1185; married Of Montfichet in prob England; died Abt. 1136.
  iii.   Walter Fitz Richard Of Clare, died Unknown.
  iv.   Harvey Fitz Richard Of Clare, died Abt. 1136.
  v.   Adeliza Fitz Richard Of Clare, born 1080 in Woodham, Essex, England; died 1163; married II Alberic Of Vere in England; died 1140.
  vi.   Baldwin Fitz Richard Of Clare, born Bet. 1088 - 1092; died 1154 in Lincoln; married Adeline Of Rollos in England; died Unknown.
  vii.   Gilbert Fitz Richard Of Clare, born September 21, 1100 in Tunbridge, Kent, England; died January 06, 1149 in England; married Isabel (Elizabeth) Of Beaumont Bef. 1130 in Turnbridge, England; died Abt. 1147.


      3515015458. Ranulph (of Briquessart) Of Meschines, died Unknown.
     
Child of Ranulph (of Briquessart) Of Meschines is:
  1757507729 i.   Adeliza (Alice) Of Meschines, born Bet. 1088 - 1094; died 1128; married Richard Fitz Richard Of Clare in England.


      3515015464. Henry I "Beauclerc" King Of ENGLAND Of England, born 1070 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died December 01, 1135 in St Denis, Seine-St Denis, France. He was the son of 7030030928. The Conqueror William I Of England and 7030030929. Maude (Matilda) Of Flanders. He married 3515015465. Elizabeth Of Bellomont.

      3515015465. Elizabeth Of Bellomont, born Aft. 1069; died Unknown. She was the daughter of 7030030930. Robert Of Mellent and 7030030931. Isabel (Elizabeth) Of Vermandois.

Notes for Henry I "Beauclerc" King Of ENGLAND Of England:
Henry was Duke of Normandy by usurpation of his brother Duke Robert III, 1106. He was crowned king 6 Aug 1100.

Henry I, the most resilient of the Norman kings (his reign lasted thirty-five years), was nicknamed "Beauclerc" (fine scholar) for his above average education. During his reign, the differences between English and Norman society began to slowly evaporate. Reforms in the royal treasury system became the foundation upon which later kings built. The stability Henry afforded the throne was offset by problems in succession: his only surviving son, William, was lost in the wreck of the White Ship in November 1120.

The first years of Henry's reign were concerned with subduing Normandy. William the Conqueror divided his kingdoms between Henry's older brothers, leaving England to William Rufus and Normandy to Robert. Henry inherited no land but received £5000 in silver. He played each brother off of the other during their quarrels; both distrusted Henry and subsequently signed a mutual accession treaty barring Henry from the crown. Henry's hope arose when Robert departed for the Holy Land on the First Crusade; should William die, Henry was the obvious heir. Henry was in the woods hunting on the morning of August 2, 1100 when William Rufus was killed by an arrow. His quick movement in securing the crown on August 5 led many to believe he was responsible for his brother's death. In his coronation charter, Henry denounced William's oppressive policies and promising good government in an effort to appease his barons. Robert returned to Normandy a few weeks later but escaped final defeat until the Battle of Tinchebrai in 1106; Robert was captured and lived the remaining twenty-eight years of his life as Henry's prisoner.

Henry was drawn into controversy with a rapidly expanding Church. Lay investiture, the king's selling of clergy appointments, was heavily opposed by Gregorian reformers in the Church but was a cornerstone of Norman government. Henry recalled Anselm of Bec to the archbishopric of Canterbury to gain baronial support, but the stubborn Anselm refused to do homage to Henry for his lands. The situation remained unresolved until Pope Paschal II threatened Henry with excommunication in 1105. He reached a compromise with the papacy: Henry rescinded the king's divine authority in conferring sacred offices but appointees continued to do homage for their fiefs. In practice, it changed little - the king maintained the deciding voice in appointing ecclesiastical offices - but it a marked a point where kingship became purely secular and subservient in the eyes of the Church.

By 1106, both the quarrels with the church and the conquest of Normandy were settled and Henry concentrated on expanding royal power. He mixed generosity with violence in motivating allegiance to the crown and appointing loyal and gifted men to administrative positions. By raising men out of obscurity for such appointments, Henry began to rely less on landed barons as ministers and created a loyal bureaucracy. He was deeply involved in continental affairs and therefore spent almost half of his time in Normandy, prompting him to create the position of justiciar - the most trusted of all the king's officials, the justiciar literally ruled in the king's stead. Roger of Salisbury, the first justiciar, was instrumental in organizing an efficient department for collection of royal revenues, the Exchequer. The Exchequer held sessions twice a year for sheriffs and other revenue-collecting officials; these officials appeared before the justiciar, the chancellor, and several clerks and rendered an account of their finances. The Exchequer was an ingenious device for balancing amounts owed versus amounts paid. Henry gained notoriety for sending out court officials to judge local financial disputes (weakening the feudal courts controlled by local lords) and curb errant sheriffs (weakening the power bestowed upon the sheriffs by his father).

The final years of his reign were consumed in war with France and difficulties ensuring the succession. The French King Louis VI began consolidating his kingdom and attacked Normandy unsuccessfully on three separate occasions. The succession became a concern upon the death of his son William in 1120: Henry's marriage to Adelaide was fruitless, leaving his daughter Matilda as the only surviving legitimate heir. She was recalled to Henry's court in 1125 after the death of her husband, Emperor Henry V of Germany. Henry forced his barons to swear an oath of allegiance to Matilda in 1127 after he arranged her marriage to the sixteen-year-old Geoffrey of Anjou to cement an Angevin alliance on the continent. The marriage, unpopular with the Norman barons, produced a male heir in 1133, which prompted yet another reluctant oath of loyalty from the aggravated barons. In the summer of 1135, Geoffrey demanded custody of certain key Norman castles as a show of good will from Henry; Henry refused and the pair entered into war. Henry's life ended in this sorry state of affairs - war with his son-in-law and rebellion on the horizon - in December 1135







More About Henry I "Beauclerc" King Of ENGLAND Of England:
Burial: January 04, 1136, Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England
Christening: August 05, 1100, Selby, Yorkshire, England
     
Child of Henry Of England and Elizabeth Of Bellomont is:
  1757507732 i.   the Consul Robert Fitzrobert Of Gloucester, born Aft. 1090 in England; died October 31, 1147; married Maude Fitzhamon in Scotland.


      3515015616. Cynan ap Iago who was exluded Of North Wales, died Unknown. He was the son of 7030031232. Lago ap Idwal Of North Wales. He married 3515015617. Ragnhildir Of Wales in Wales.

      3515015617. Ragnhildir Of Wales, died Unknown.

Notes for Cynan ap Iago who was exluded Of North Wales:
Cynan ap Iago who was exluded from the throne by Gruffydd ap Llewelyn and exiled in Dublin, Ireland where he met his wife Ragnhildir, a great granddaughter of Brian Bórú.
Died circa 1060
Cynan ap Iago married Ragnhildir (also Ranult and Ragnaillt), daughter of Olaf who was a son of Sitric of the Silken Beard, Norse King of Dublin. Please click on Brian Bórú for details of this descent.
Cynan and Ragnhildir had a son:
Gruffydd ap Cynan


  Notes for Ragnhildir Of Wales:
A great-granddaughter of Brian Bórú.
     
Child of Cynan Of North Wales and Ragnhildir Of Wales is:
  1757507808 i.   Gruffydd ap Cynan Of North Wales, died Unknown.


      3523220496. Donald II Of Scotland, died 900. He was the son of 7046440992. Constantine I Of Scotland.
     
Child of Donald II Of Scotland is:
  1761610248 i.   Malcolm I Of Scotland, died Aft. 953.


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