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Ancestors of Martha Jo (Martha) Cross

Generation No. 40


      899843958784. Bernhard I Of Italy, born Abt. 797; died August 17, 818 in St. Amrosius, Mailand. He was the son of 1799687917568. Pepin I Of France and 1799687917569. Bertha Of Toulouse. He married 899843958785. Kunigunde Of Italy 813.

      899843958785. Kunigunde Of Italy, died Aft. 835.

Notes for Bernhard I Of Italy:
Bernhard of Italy
Born: Cir 797
Marriage: Kunigunde 813
Died: 17 Oct 817, St. Amrosius, Mailand, at age 20

Notes for Kunigunde Of Italy:

Kunigunde married Bernhard of Italy, son of Pepin I of Italy and Bertha of Toulouse, in 813. (Bernhard of Italy was born circa 797 and died on 17 Oct 817 in St. Amrosius, Mailand.)

     
Child of Bernhard Of Italy and Kunigunde Of Italy is:
  449921979392 i.   Pepin II Of Vermandois, born Abt. 817; died Aft. 840.


      899843958914. the Great AElfred Of Saxony, born 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, England; died October 26, 899 in Kent, England. He was the son of 1799687917828. AEthelwulf Of Wessex and 1799687917829. Osburga Of Wessex. He married 899843958915. AElhswith Sighelm Of Saxony 869.

      899843958915. AElhswith Sighelm Of Saxony, born Aft. 852 in Mercia, England; died December 05, 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Dorset, England. She was the daughter of 1799687917830. AEthelred Mucil Of Saxony and 1799687917831. Edburga Of Mercia.

Notes for the Great AElfred Of Saxony:
Alfred was sent to Rome at the age of five, when he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV.
He reigned 871-900 and won reknown not only for his martial abilities, but for his efforts to further the cause of law, education and culture.

Alfred was a staunch defender of his country against the Danish invaders who had begun to harass England in the reigns of his father and brothers. He was at first driven into obscure quarters in the isle of Athelney near the river Parrot, in Somerset. In 878, however, Alfred overthrew the Danes at Ethandune or Edington, in Wiltshire, and compelled them to accept the treaty of Wedmore.
(Source: Billy Polk)


     
Children of AElfred Of Saxony and AElhswith Of Saxony are:
  i.   AEthelwerd Of Wessex, died Unknown in 924.
  ii.   AEthelgiva Of Wessex, died Unknown.
  Notes for AEthelgiva Of Wessex:
Also called Ethelgiva of Shaftesbury.

  iii.   AElfrida Of Wessex, died Unknown.
  449921979457 iv.   AEdelfthryth Of Wessex, died 929 in England; married the Bald Baldwin II Of Margrave.
  v.   the Elder Edward I Of Wessex, born 869 in Winchester, England; died July 17, 924 in Farndon-on-Dee; married (1) Edwina Of Wessex; died Unknown; married (2) AElflaed Of Wessex; born Abt. 878 in Wessex, England; died Unknown; married (3) Edgith Of Wessex; died Unknown.
  Notes for the Elder Edward I Of Wessex:
Edward was the eldest son of King Alfred the Great and Queen Elswith. At the age of twenty-two, he appears to have married a noblewoman named Egwina, though the wedding may have been uncanonical and was not recognized in some quarters. They had three or four children. At the same time, Edward was already active in his father's campaigns against the Vikings and towards the end of Alfred's reign, he was probably appointed Sub-King of Kent.

Edward's path to the throne was not altogether smooth. Upon his father's death in AD 899, a rebellion broke out in favour of Edward's cousin, Aethelwold, the son of the late King Aethelred I. Failing to secure Wessex, this prince went north and found support from the people of the Norse Kingdom of York, where he was proclaimed King. With the help of the East Anglians, he subsequently attacked both Mercia and Wessex but was killed at the Battle of Holme (Essex) in AD 902. Around the same time, the King married for a second time to Aelflaed the daughter Ealdorman Aethelhelm of Wiltshire. They had eight children together. Four years later, Edward made peace with the Northerners at Tiddingford in Bedfordshire; but by AD 909, he took on a more aggressive stance by raiding the North-West. The following year, a joint Mercian and West Saxon army marched north and defeated the Northern Vikings so completely at Tettenhall (Staffordshire) that they subsequently felt it best to remain within their borders. King Edward was then able to concentrate his attentions on the Danes of East Anglia and the Five Boroughs (of the East Midlands). With the help of his sister, the formidable Lady Aethelflaed of Mercia, the next eight years saw a prolonged campaign aimed at pushing the boundaries of Wessex and Mercia northwards. This was largely achieved through the extension of King Alfred's old policy of building defensive burghs across the country, as recorded in the 'Tribal Hidage'. They were both places of refuge in time of attack and garrisoned strongholds from which assaults could be launched.

After Aethelflaed's death in AD 918, Edward was able to take advantage of his niece Aelfwinn's minority and brought Mercia under direct Wessex control. Two years later, the Kings of the north - including Sigtrygg Caech (the Squinty) of Norse York, Constantine II of the Scots and Donald mac Aed of Strathclyde - met Edward at Bakewell and also finally recognised his overlordship. At the time of his third marriage, to Edith daughter of Ealdorman Sigehelm of Kent, therefore King Edward was in a strong position. Holding his territories together was not easy, however, and revolts against Edward's rule continued. In AD 924, he was forced to lead an army north once more to put down a Cambro-Mercian rebellion in Cheshire. He died at Farndon-upon-Dee in that county on 17th July.

Edward's body was taken south to the reduced diocese of Winchester for burial - he had sub-divided the West Saxon sees in AD 909, creating new Bishops of Ramsbury & Sonning, Wells and Crediton. The King was interred at the family mausoleum, his own foundation (AD 901) of New Minster in the centre Winchester, and was succeeded by his sons, Aelfweard and Aethelstan.

(Source: David Nash Ford 2001)




  vi.   AEthelflaed Of Wessex, born Bef. 885; died 918; married AEthelred Of Saxony; born Bef. 855; died 911.
  Notes for AEthelflaed Of Wessex:
AEthelflaed was the eldest child of AElfred the Great. In or about 884 when she was about sixteen, she married the Mercian Ealdorman AEthelred, who had been created "Lord of the Mercians" by AElfred. AEthelflaed often signed charters jointly with AEthelred and by 900 had started to take over administration as AEthelred's illness drained his strength. AEthelflaed had inherited much of the resolve of her father, and continued her husband's campaigns against the Welsh. She also led the defense against the Vikings who, having established themselves in the north and east, now began to settle in the Wirral. AEthelflaed negotiated with their leader, Ingimund, to control the settlement, but in 905 the Vikings attacked Chester, causing AEthelflaed to fortify the town. She recognized that the Vikings might destroy the Saxon relics in the north and wherever possible she sought to salvage objects of veneration. These included the relics of Oswald of Northumbria which were translated to Gloucester in 909. When AEthelred died in 922, AEthelflaed continued to rule, though subject to her brother, Edward the Elder of Wessex. She created new fortified boroughs against the Welsh and Vikings, including those at Bridgnorth and Bromsgrove, and she sought to assist the Scots and Strathclyde Britons against the Norse of Dublin and York. AEthelflaed was one of the great warrior queens of England, and was highly respected by her enemies. She died at Tamworth on June 12, 918, about age fifty. Although she was succeeded by her daughter Elfwynn, it is evident that she expected AEthelstan, the eldest son of Edward the Elder, whom she had fostered and raised, to become king, which he eventually did.
(Source: Mike Ashley, "British Monarchs")

  Notes for AEthelred Of Saxony:
Also called Ethelfrida.
Ruled c 883 - 911
He succeeded Ceolwulf II. His pedigree is not known, his name suggests he may have come from either Mercian or West Saxon stock. Although he issued many charters in his own name which imply a royal status, by the time of his reign Mercia was subject to AElfred, and AEthelred was at most
a client king. He became better known under the title "Lord of the Mercians", though he was also styled ealdorman, the title used in the ASC in 886 when AEthelred was entrusted with the city of London. It was likely that by this time AEthelred had already married AElfred's daughter AEthelflaed. AEthelred was noted for his hostility to the Welsh and there were many border battles. At one stage Brochwael of Gwent was alleged to have sought aid from AElfred to stop AEthelred's oppression. Athelred fortified Worcester and developed Gloucester, which was their seat of residence. AEthelred continued in power after the death of AElfed, but his position seemed less secure during the reign of Edward the Elder. He had a debilitating disease in his final years and left much of the government to AEthelflaed. He died in 911.
(Source: Mike Ashley, "British Monarchs")



      224960989696. Heribert I (Hubert) Of Vermandois, born 848 in Vermandois, Normandy, France; died June 11, 907. He was the son of 449921979392. Pepin II Of Vermandois. He married 899843958917. Bertha Of Morvois.

      899843958917. Bertha Of Morvois, born Abt. 850; died Unknown.

Notes for Heribert I (Hubert) Of Vermandois:

Herbert I of Vermandois
Born: Cir 840
Marriage: Unknown
Died: Cir 905, at age 65


     
Child of Heribert Of Vermandois and Bertha Of Morvois is:
  449921979458 i.   Heribert II (Hubert) Of Vermandois, born Abt. 880 in St. Quentin; died February 23, 943; married Adela Of France.


      899843958918. Robert I Of France, died Unknown.
     
Child of Robert I Of France is:
  449921979459 i.   Adela Of France, died Unknown; married Heribert II (Hubert) Of Vermandois.


      899843958976. Rutpert III (Robert) Of Wormgau, born Bef. 789; died Abt. 834. He was the son of 1799687917952. Rutpert II (Robert) Of Wormgau and 1799687917953. Theoderata Of Wormgau. He married 899843958977. WIALDRUTH. Of Wormgau in Wormgau.

      899843958977. WIALDRUTH. Of Wormgau, died Unknown.
     
Child of Rutpert Of Wormgau and WIALDRUTH. Of Wormgau is:
  449921979488 i.   Rutpert IV (Robert) Of Wormgau, born Bet. 758 - 835; died September 15, 866; married Adelaide Of Tours in Wormgau.


      899843958978. Hugh III Of Tours, died Unknown. He married 899843958979. Bava Of Tours in France.

      899843958979. Bava Of Tours, died Unknown.
     
Child of Hugh Of Tours and Bava Of Tours is:
  449921979489 i.   Adelaide Of Tours, born 819 in Alsace, France; died 866; married Rutpert IV (Robert) Of Wormgau in Wormgau.


      899843959000. Eystein (Glumra) Ivarsson Of Norway, born Abt. 810 in Nord Trondelag, Norway; died Unknown. He married 899843959001. Ascrida Ragnvaldsdottir.

      899843959001. Ascrida Ragnvaldsdottir, born 812 in Norway; died Unknown. She was the daughter of 1799687918002. Ragnvald Of Agder Gudrodsson and 1799687918003. Tora Sigurdsdottir.
     
Child of Eystein Of Norway and Ascrida Ragnvaldsdottir is:
  449921979500 i.   Ragnvald Eysteinsson Of Norway, born Abt. 830 in Maer, Nord Trondelag, Norway; died Abt. 894 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland; married Groa Of Norway.


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