|
Family Genealogy
Native Americans of South Carolina
VERY IMPORTANT FIND: 1719 South Carolina Assembly in determining who should be "indian" for tax purposes (Indian slaves were adjudged at a lower tax rate than negro slaves..so the idea is to get as much tax as possible...remember, censuses were also intended to assess the taxable citizens in any given area, so race was determined by what the census enumerator felt that the person should be taxed as.) The Act passed that year stated "And for preventing all doubts and scruples that may arise what ought to be rated on mustees, mulattoes, etc. all such slaves not entirely Indian should be accounted as negro." Inference: persons of Indian blood less than full-blood would be legally documented as "negro". It is apparent that by the time of the founding of Fort Christana at the NC/VA border, a large segment of the Siouan/Tuscarora/Algonquin Indians which were settled there and put to work as miners, were already mixed with white and Portuguese blood. By the time of the closing of the Fort, and the migrating of these Indian mixed-bloods to the shores of the Pamunkey River at around 1720, many of the families were so mixed and acculturated, that they were no longer legally or socially regarded as "Indian"....of course, they still had a high degree of Indian blood, and a strong Indian identity, but for the most part they went about their lives much like their white neighbors, farming, raising cattle, acquiring and titles, etc.
By the 1750's when these Christian, English-speaking, literate, industrious, mixed-blood families began to spread to southern NC and northern SC, those white colonists didn't know what to do with these people. Usually when they 'toed-the-line' socially, financially, and legally, these is little documentation to distinguish them from their white neighbors... its only when someone crosses the line that their is some legal case, tax dispute, violent confrontation, etc., etc., which of course documents these peoples' ancestry in the darkest possible light.
The single most important point here is this.......it wasn't the "mixed-blood" factor that held these people together as separate communities (there are many families of mixed black/white ancestry or white/Indian ancestry that melted into the larger white or black population) ... it wasn't the Portuguese ancestry that held these people together as separate communities (many of the families did not claim Portuguese ancestry, and the majority did not claim it as their first choice of racial identity)...it was the Indian ancestry that was the identity and motivating factor which caused them to live separately from their white and black neighbors.
http://sciway3.net/clark/freemoors/NativeAmericans.html
|
- 1915 Ethel Mae Bozeman Gibson (135 KB)
sitting with baby JC, with husband Jason to the right and Ruby on horse....dark haired Roscoe Money with his step daughter / Ethel Mae was the daughter of John Thomas Bozeman and Alice Lorena Stephens of Dublin / Ramer/ Alabama
- Uncle Walton McClain (25 KB)
with great grandpa Charlie McClain about 1930- Charlie's parents were Elizabeth Broadway and Josiah Marion McClain. Josiah had another family with his first wife in Georgia, Julia America King who was rejected by the Cherokee Rolls.
- 1908 Lorena Bozeman weds Charlie McClain (17 KB)
They lived with his mother and step father on 1910 census record in Ramer. Lorena was allergic to Bees.
- Uncle Joe McClain (22 KB)
with his only son, James Edward McClain that nobody ever talked about. We only recently discovered that Uncle Joe had two marriages.
- 1955 Uncle Joe (52 KB)
Joe Edd Mcclain had one son named James Edward McClain about 1949
- Stephens, Luke and Edgar (597 KB)
1910 Etowah Alabama
- Katie and Roscoe Coley (30 KB)
daughter of Charles and Lorena McClain
- Brooks, Nimrod William (221 KB)
World War I Registration Card
- Family Photos (130 KB)
Annie Carter Cochran family
- Alice Emma McClain (46 KB)
with her brother Joe
- Susie Mae Cooper Brooks age 17 (763 KB)
1920 census of Mulberry Street, Montgomery, al
- Family Photos (23 KB)
Annie Carter Cochran family
- Susie Mae Cooper Brooks with James (1086 KB)
1930 census of Fourth Street, Montgomery, al
- Sisters (26 KB)
Cochrans
- Lillie Mae McClain (17 KB)
Mrs H O Duncan
- Annie Carter and Frankie Cochran (38 KB)
about 1950 in Montgomery Alabama
- Katie and Alice (29 KB)
McClain sisters before 1930
- Cochran Kids (32 KB)
about 1970 in Montgomery Alabama
- Annie Carter Cochran 1954 (23 KB)
Frank and Kathy with Annie in mobile home, Broken Arrow, Tulsa Oklahoma, they lived on Mingo Road
- Cochran and Charlie Brooks (35 KB)
about 1973 in Montgomery Alabama
- Annie and Frankie Cochran (21 KB)
about 1973 in Montgomery Alabama
- Alice McClain Carter about 1934 (18 KB)
with husband Cecil Earl Fenn Carter and baby Cecil Jr, and baby Annie...she could be pregnant with William Lawrence Carter or our Uncle Billy
- Mark Carter (5 KB)
son of Cecil Earl Carter Jr
- Brad Carter (34 KB)
son of Cecil Earl Carter Jr
- William Lawrence Carter (45 KB)
about 1973 in Montgomery Alabama
- Billy Carter (42 KB)
son of Cecil Earl Carter
- 1930 military Carter (3792 KB)
Grandpa's re-enlistment
- Junior Carter (35 KB)
son of Cecil Earl Carter
- Minnie Lee Gibson Money (103 KB)
daughter of Ethel Mae Bozeman Gibson
- Grandpa Cecil Carter (13 KB)
son of William Franklin Fenn and Anna Lou Stone born about 1900, died in 1939
- WWI Charles Allen McClain (194 KB)
apparently not his handwriting since an X mark is on the signature line and the date of birth is incorrect and it shows his wife as Lorena Emma - have seen her signature as L E McClain.
- Uncle Frank Fenn (10 KB)
brother of our grandpa Cecil Earl Carter - Frank stayed with his father when their mother left with the baby Earl on a train to Macon GA
- Uncle Joe McClain military (179 KB)
shows Pearl Harbor and also his allergies.....note PENICILLIN and Tetanus.....might add that most of this family was allergic to Penicillin and that Joe's mother's sister, Ethel Bozeman died of an allergic reaction to Penicillin. His mother Lorena was allergic to BEES
- 1930 Military Discharge (131 KB)
Grandpa Cecil Carter
- 1930 Military Discharge (13 KB)
Grandpa Cecil Carter
- Annie Carter 1935 (31 KB)
with her aunt mary and cousin ethel
- 1939 death certificate (216 KB)
Grandpa Cecil Carter and his parents are listed
- Annie Carter elementary school days (69 KB)
about1945
- Joseph Stephens age 4 (683 KB)
1850 census
- Elisha C Stephens and Nancy Hilliard in 1850 (683 KB)
Montgomery census, she must have been widowed with two girls when married to Stephens
|
