Adam to Angell

Here is something for fun. Would love comments.

Leland Garton

ADAM TO ANGEL

I had to structue this descent from a number of sources.I overlapped them in working out this presentation.I used as many scholarly commentaries as I could locate.
1.       Adam to Noah from the Bible
2.       Noah to Abraham from the Bible
3.       Abraham through the Maccabees from Jewish High Priest documents, etc.
4.       The Jewish Encyclopedia, etc.
5.       On line scholorship from Jewish authors
6.       The rest is history, literally.

No genealogy reaching this far back can be accurate beyond debate.The Bible often passed over generations to save space in telling the story.However, the line of descent is true. I think for a layman, this is pretty darn good.If nothing else, we see our ancestral “mountain peaks,” all the way back to Adam.What more could we ask?

1.Adam (Hebrew: ??????, ????m, "dust; man; mankind"; Arabic: ????, ??dam) and Eve (Hebrew: ???????, Arabic: ?????, ?aww?, "living one") were the first man and woman in the Genesis creation narrative.

2.Seth (Hebrew: ?????, Standard Šet, Tiberian Š??; Arabic: ???? Shith or Shiyth; "Placed; appointed"), in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, was the third son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, who were the only other of their children mentioned by name. According to Genesis 4:25, Seth was born after the slaying of Abel by Cain, and Eve believed God had appointed him as a replacement for Abel.According to Genesis, Seth was born when Adam was 130 years old[1] "a son in his likeness and image."In Genesis 4:25, there is a folk etymology for Seth's name, which derives it from the Hebrew word for "plant" as in "plant a seed" (syt). Eve says, "God has planted another seed, under/replacing Abel's". Seth lived to the age of 912.
3.Enos or Enosh (Hebrew: ???????, Standard Enoš, Tiberian ??nôš; "mortal man"; Ge'ez: ??? Henos), in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible, is the first son of Seth who figures in the Generations of Adam, and consequently referred to within the genealogies of Chronicles, and of Genealogy of Jesus according to Luke 3:38.According to Genesis, Seth was 105 years old when Enos was born[1] (but the Septuagint version gives 205 years[2]), and Seth had further sons and daughters. He was the grandson of Adam and Eve (Genesis 5:6-11; Luke 3:38). According to Seder Olam Rabbah, based on Jewish reckoning, he was born in 235 AM. According to the Septuagint, it was in 435 AM. Enos was the father of Kenan, who was born when Enos was 90 years old[3] (or 190 years, according to the Septuagint). According to the Bible he lived 905 years.
4.Kenan (also spelled Qenan or Kaïnan, as found in Luke 3:36, 37), Hebrew: ??????, Modern Keinan Tiberian Qên?n ; "possession; smith", or Cainan, was a Biblical patriarch first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible Book of Genesis as living before the Great Flood.According to Genesis 5:9-14, Kenan/Cainan was a son of Enos and an unnamed woman, and a grandson of Seth. Born when Enos was ninety years old, Kenan had his only named son, Mahalalel, when he was seventy. Other sons and daughters were born to Kenan before he died at 910 years of age.
5.Mahalalel, Mahalaleel, or Mihlaiel Arabic: ???????? Hebrew ?????? was a patriarch named in the Hebrew Bible. Mahalalel was a son of Kenan, son of Enos, son of Seth, son of Adam in the Old Testament of the Bible. He was also the father of Jared and the grandfather of Enoch II.He appears in the Book of Genesis 5:12-17, and according to the book, he lived 895 years, placing him eighth in the records for the unusually long lifespans for the antediluvian patriarchs. Later references to Mahalalel include 1 Chronicles 1:1, Jubilees 4:14–15 and Gospel of Luke 3:37.
6.Jared, or Jered, (Hebrew: ???, descent or to descend) in Judeo-Christian religious belief was a fifth-generation descendant of Adam and Eve. His father Mahalalel, great-grandson of Seth, son of Adam, was stated to be 65 years of age when Jared was born.

The Grandfather who didn’t die.

7.Enoch (Hebrew: ???????, Modern H?anokh Tiberian ??n??; Arabic: ?????? ?Idr?s) is a character that appears in the Book of Genesis and a figure in the Generations of Adam. Enoch is described as the greatx4 grandson of Adam (through Seth) (Genesis 5:3-18), the son of Jared, the father of Methuselah, and the great-grandfather of Noah. The text reads—uniquely in the Generations—that Enoch "walked with God: and he was not; for God took him", (Genesis 5:22-29) suggesting he did not experience the mortal death ascribed to Adam's other descendants. Enoch, does not experience death "for God took him." Furthermore, Genesis 5:22-29 states that Enoch lived 365 years which is extremely short in the context of his peers.

He skipped the flood

8.Methuselah (Hebrew: ??????????? / ???????????, Modern M?tušéla? / M?tušála? Tiberian M??ûšéla? / M??ûš?la? ; "Man of the dart/spear", or alternatively "his death shall bring" is the oldest person whose age is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Extra-biblical tradition maintains that he died on the 11th of Cheshvan of the year 1656 (Anno Mundi, after Creation), at the age of 969, seven days before the beginning of the Great Flood. According to Rashi on Genesis 7:4, God delayed the Flood specifically because of the seven days of mourning in honor of the righteous Methuselah. Methuselah who was the son of Enoch and the grandfather of Noah.

Descent from the first murderer

9. Lamech is the eighth generation descendant of Seth (Genesis 5:25), the son of Methuselah and the father of Noah (Genesis 5:29), in the genealogy of Seth in Genesis 5. In Genesis 5:12-25, Lamech was a son of Methuselah who was a grandson of Jared who was a grandson of Kenan descended from Adam. In Genesis 4:17-18, Lamech was a son of Methushael who was a grandson of Irad who was a grandson of Cain, who murdered Abel, sons of Adam. The Lamech of Genesis 4 and the Lamech of Genesis 5 had ancestral lines with almost identical names plus other intervening ancestors.
Genesis 5:28-31 records that Lamech was 182 years old at the birth of Noah, and lived for another 595 years after this, placing Lamech's age at death at 777 years, just a few years before the Flood using the Masoretic chronology. With such numbers in this genealogical account, Adam was still alive for about the first 50 (56) years of Lamech's life. Using the Septuagint (Lucianic) version of Genesis 5:28-31, Lamech was 188 at the birth of his son Noah and lived 565 more years. Lamech's age at death was 753.
10. Noah (/?no?.?/; or Noé, Noach; Hebrew: ????,? ?????, Modern Noa? Tiberian N???; Arabic: ????? N??; Ancient Greek: ???) was the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs. The story of Noah and the ark is told in chapters 6–9 of the book of Genesis, which is followed by the story of the Curse of Ham. Outside Genesis his name is mentioned in Ezekiel, Isaiah and Chronicles. Noah was the tenth of the pre-Flood Patriarchs. His father Lamech named him nûa? (the final ? is a more guttural sound than the English h), saying, "This same shall comfort us in our work and in the toil of our hands, which cometh from the ground which the LORD hath cursed." This connects the future patriarch's name with n??am, "comfort", but it seems better related to the word nûa?, meaning "rest", and is more a play on words than a true etymology.
Shortly after the Ark landed on the mountains of Ararat, the families of mankind spread across the world. At that point in time mankind all spoke a common language and the bulk of them appears to have migrated westward.
"And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there."
(Genesis 11:1-2 KJV)
That land of Shinar is Babel (Babylon), and there the Bible says the Lord confounded their language and scattered them across the face of the Earth.
Recently, linguistic researchers have put forth the results of studies which tend to indicate that all the Indo-European languages originated in ancient Turkey. Although the given time frame of this occurrence is off by a few thousand years (and is probably conjecture), it is very interesting to see that otherwise it is in close agreement with what the Bible tells us happened in the post-flood world.
In his five hundredth year Noah had three sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth. In his six hundredth year God, saddened at the wickedness of mankind, sent a great deluge to destroy all life, but because Noah was "righteous in his generation" God instructed him to build an ark and save a remnant of life. Noah died 350 years after the Flood, at the age of 950, the last of the immensely long-lived antediluvian Patriarchs. The maximum human lifespan, as depicted by the Bible, diminishes rapidly thereafter, from almost 1,000 years to the 120 years of Moses.
The tomb of Noah in the Nakhchivan area of the Azerbaijan Republic. The name Nakhchivan is believed to derive from the meaning "The place where Noah landed after the flood" 2. The long identified site ofMount Ararat, the supposed resting place of the ark, photographed from I?d?r, Turkey. Recently, some scholars are stating that the real Mount Ararat is miles away.
11.Shem (Hebrew: ??, Modern Shem Tiberian Š?m ; Greek: ??? S?m; Arabic: ??? S?m; Ge'ez: ??, S?m; "renown; prosperity; name") was one of the sons of Noah in the Hebrew Bible as well as in Islamic literature. He is most popularly regarded as the eldest son, though some traditions regard him as the second son. Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brother Japheth, but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different translations. The verse is translated in the KJV as "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.". However, the New American Standard Bible gives, "Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born."The 1st century historian Flavius Josephus, among many others, recounted the tradition that these five sons were the progenitors of the nations of Elam, Assyria, Chaldea, Lydia, and Syria, respectively.
Genesis 11:10 records that Shem was still 100 years old at the birth of Arpachshad, (but nearly 101 - see Chronology note,) two years after the flood, making him barely 99 at the time the flood began; and that he lived for another 500 years after this, making his age at death 600 years.
12.Arpachshad or Arphaxad or Arphacsad (Hebrew: ????????????? / ?????????????, Modern Arpakhshad Tiberian ?Arpa?ša? / ?Arpa?š?? ISO 259-3 ?arpakšad; Arabic: '??????', ?rfakhshad?; "healer," "releaser") was one of the five sons of Shem, the son of Noah (Genesis 10:22, 24; 11:10-13; 1 Chron. 1:17-18). His brothers were Elam, Asshur, Lud and Aram; he is an ancestor of Abraham. He is said by Gen. 11:10 to have been born two years after the Flood, when Shem was 100. His brothers were Elam, Asshur, Lud and Aram.
Arpachshad's son is called Salah, except in the Septuagint, where his son is Cainan (????), Salah being Arpachshad's grandson. Cainan is also identified as Arpachshad's son in Luke 3:36 and Jubilees 8:1.
13.Salah (???, Shelach, ISO 259-3 Šel? Hebrew word #7974 in Strong's) is an ancestor of the Israelites according to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10. He is thus one of the table's "seventy names". He is called Shelah in 1 Chronicles 1:18 and Sala (Greek word #4527 in Strong's) in the Septuagint and Luke 3:35.
In the ancestral line from Noah to Abraham, he is the son of Arpachshad (in the Masoretic Text) or Cainan (in the Septuagint) and the father of Eber. The name "Eber" for his son is the original eponym of the Hebrew people, from the root 'abar (???, Hebrew word #5674 in Strong's), "to cross over". ah's age at death is given as 433 (Masoretic) or 460 (Septuagint).
14.Eber (?????, ISO 259-3 ?ebr, Standard Hebrew Éver, Tiberian Hebrew ???er) is an ancestor of the Israelites, according to the "Table of Nations" in Genesis 10-11 and 1 Chronicles 1. He was a great-grandson of Noah's son Shem and the father of Peleg born when Eber was 34 years old, and of Joktan. He was the son of Shelah a distant ancestor of Abraham. According to the Hebrew Bible, Eber died at the age of 464 (Genesis 11:14-17) when Jacob was 20. The Hebrew Calendar synchronises this date with 1817 BC.
"And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one [was] Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name [was] Joktan."
(Genesis 10:25 KJV)
"And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one [was] Peleg; because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother's name [was] Joktan."
(1 Chronicles 1:19 KJV)
15.Peleg (Hebrew: ?????? / ??????, Modern Péleg / Páleg Tiberian Péle? / P?le? ; "division") is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as one of the two sons of Eber, an ancestor of the Israelites, according to the "Table of Nations" in Genesis 10-11 and 1 Chronicles 1. Peleg's son was Reu, born when Peleg was thirty, and he had other sons and daughters. According to the Hebrew Bible, Peleg lived to the age of 239 years.According to Genesis 10:25 and 1 Chronicles 1:19, it was during the time of Peleg that "the earth was divided" – traditionally, this is often assumed to be just before, during, or after the failure of Nimrod's Tower of Babel.In Jewish tradition, Eber, the great-grandson of Shem, refused to help with the building of the Tower of Babel, so his language was not confused when it was abandoned. He and his family alone retained the original human language, Hebrew, a language named after Eber (Heber), also called lingua humana in Latin. In Jewish tradition, Eber, the great-grandson of Shem, refused to help with the building of the Tower of Babel, so his language was not confused when it was abandoned. He and his family alone retained the original human language, Hebrew, a language named after Eber (Heber), also called lingua humana in Latin.

In the Hebrew language the word 'Peleg' means a dividing by a "small channel of water" and is also root associated with the meaning of an earthquake. The Hebrew word used as 'divided'in the passage means to "split" something. According to the genealogy (Genesis 11:10-17), this man named Peleg was born 101 years after the flood. No doubt this Peleg was so named because of an event of great significance to the people living at the time he was born.
16.Reu or Ragau (Hebrew: ?????, Re'u ISO 259-3 R?u "Behold") in Genesis was the son of Peleg and the father of Serug, thus being Abraham's great-great-grandfather. He was 32 when Serug was born and lived to the age of 239 (Genesis 11:20), according to the Masoretic text. The Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch state that his age on fathering Serug was 132, and the Septuagint thus gives age at death as 339. The Book of Jubilees names his mother as Lomna of Shinar (Genesis 10:28), and his wife as Ora, daughter of Ur Kesed (Genesis 11:1). He is said to have been born at the time when the Tower of Babel was begun
Shame on Serug
17.Serug (Hebrew: ???????, S'rugh ; "branch") was the son of Reu and the father of Nahor, according to Genesis 11:20-23. He is also the great-grandfather of Abraham. In the Masoretic text that modern Bibles are based on, he was 30 when Nahor was born, and lived another 200 years, making his age at death 230.He is called Saruch in the Greek version of Luke 3:35.Jubilees, where it gives the names of his mother, Ora (11:1), and wife Milcah (11:6). It also states that his original name was Seroh, but that it was changed to Serug in the time when Noah's children began to fight wars, and the city of Ur Kesdim was built, where Serug lived. It says this Serug was the first of the patriarchal line to abandon monotheism and turn to idol worship, teaching sorcery to his son Nahor

18. Nahor In Genesis Chapter 11, he is listed as the son of Serug He was born and raised in the Sumerian city-state of Ur on the Euphrates River of lower Mesopotamia, about four Millenia ago. He lived to be 148 years old and had a son, Terah at the age of 29. He was also the grandfather of Abraham, Nahor II and Haran, all descendants of Shem.Nahor's mother was Milcah daughter of Kaber. Nahor also married 'Iyoska, daughter of Nesteg of the kin of Ur Kasdim, a son of Arpachshad for whom Ur was named.His grandfather was Nahor I, son of Serug. Nahor married the daughter of his brother Haran, Milcah, his niece. They were all born and raised in the city of Ur. When Abram, had an encounter with God, this brother directed his family to leave their native land and go to the land of Canaan. Terah, their father, coordinated the gathering of his family to journey west to their destination

The city of Ur is one of the oldest cities known to archaeology, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers near the Persian Gulf. Ur is a place that often bears the title "cradle of civilization," which the Greeks called "the Land Between the Rivers," or Mesopotamia.[3] The first settlers of this land were known as Ubaidians, identified with the Ubaid period from 5200-4500 B.C., and was ruled under a king known as Mes-Anni-Padda, who was succeeded by his son, A-Anni-Padda. But it wasn't until the Sumerians arrived when the land developed an established civilization, because they brought with them art and literature, which far surpassed that of the Ubaidians

19. Terah or Térach (Hebrew: ?????? / ??????, Modern Téra? / Tára? Tiberian Téra? / T?ra? ; "Ibex, wild goat", or "Wanderer; loiterer") is a biblical figure in the book of Genesis, son of Nahor, son of Serug and father of the Patriarch Abraham, all descendants of Shem's son Arpachshad. Terah is mentioned in the Hebrew Bibleand in the New Testament


20. Abraham. (Hebrew: ????????? Modern: Avraham, Tiberian: ?A?r?h?m, Ashkenazi: Avrohom or Avruhom, Arabic: ???????? Ibr?h?m), whose birth name was Abram and renamed by God in Genesis 17:5, is the eponym of the Abrahamic religions, among which are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. According to both the Hebrew Bible and the Qur'an, through his sons Ishmael and Isaac, Abraham is the forefather of many tribes, namely the Ishmaelites, Israelites, Midianites and Edomites. Abraham was a descendant of Noah's son, Shem.Christians believe that Jesus was a descendant of Abraham through Isaac, and Muslims believe that Muhammad was a descendant of Abraham through IshmaelThe standard Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible places Abraham's birth 1,948 years after the Creation, or 1948 AM (Anno Mundi, "Year of the World"). The two other major textual traditions have different dates, the translated Greek Septuagint putting it at 3312 AM and the Samaritan version of the Torah at 2247 AM. All three agree that he died at the age of 175. Abraham married Sarah or Sara (/?s??r?/; Hebrew: ??????, Modern Sara Tiberian ??r? ISO 259-3 ?arra; Latin: Sara; Arabic: ????; Persian: ????) was the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran. Her name was originally Sarai. Sarah was the wife of Abraham, as well as being his half-sister, the daughter of his father Terah (Genesis 20:12). The Talmudidentifies Sarai with Iscah, daughter of Abraham's deceased brother Haran (Genesis 11:29), so that Sarah turns out to be the niece of Abraham and the sister of Lot and Milcah.Sarah is believed to be buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs

21. Yitzchak (Isaac) BEN ABRAM.Yitzchak married Rebekah (Rivqah) BAT BETHUEL, daughter of Bethuel BEN NAHOR and aunt of Leah, wife and 1st cousin of Jacob.
22.Yakob (Jacob = Israel) BEN YITZCHAK King of Goshenmarried Leah BAT LABAN, daughter of Laban BEN BETHUEL Yakob also married Rachel BINT LABAN, daughter of Laban BEN BETHUEL Yakob also married Bilhah BINT LABAN, daughter of Laban BEN BETHUEL
Leah (Hebrew: ?????, Modern Le'a Tiberian L??? ISO 259-3 Le?a; from Akkadian cow), as described in the Hebrew Bible, is the first of the two concurrent wives of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob and mother of six of sons whose descendants became the Twelve Tribes of Israel, along with at least one daughter, Dinah. She is the daughter of Laban and the older sister of Rachel, whom Jacob originally wanted to marry. Leah is Jacob's first cousin, and she was the eldest niece of Rebecca.Leah is the mother of six of Jacob's sons, including his first four (Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah), and later two more (Issachar and Zebulun), and a daughter (Dinah).
The Torah introduces Leah by describing her with the phrase, "Leah had tender eyes" (Hebrew: ????? ??? ?????) (Genesis 29:17). It is debated as to whether the adjective "tender" (????) should be taken to mean “delicate and soft" or "weary." Some translations say that it may have meant blue or light colored eyes.
Leah becomes Jacob's wife through a deception on the part of her father, Laban. In the Biblical account, Jacob is dispatched to the hometown of Laban—the brother of his mother Rebekah—to avoid being killed by his brother Esau, and possibly to find a wife. Out by the well, he encounters Laban's younger daughter Rachel tending her father's sheep, and decides to marry her. Laban is willing to give Rachel's hand to Jacob as long as he works seven years for her.
On the wedding night, however, Laban switches Leah for Rachel. Later Laban claims that it is uncustomary to give the younger daughter away in marriage before the older one (Genesis 29:16-30). Laban offers to give Rachel to Jacob in marriage in return for another seven years of work (Genesis 29:27). Jacob accepts the offer and marries Rachel after the week-long celebration of his marriage to Leah
23.“Levi”BEN YAKOB the founder of the Levite tribe of ancient Israel. The Levites were the only one of the Israelite tribes who received cities but no tribal land when Joshua led the Israelites into the land of Canaan. The Tribe of Levi served particular religious duties for the Israelites and had political responsibilities as well. In return, the landed tribes were expected to give tithe to the Levites
In the Book of Genesis, Levi is described as having fathered three sons—Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. A similar genealogy is given in the Book of Exodus, where it is added that among Kohath's sons was one—Amram—who married a woman named Jochebed, who was closely related to his father, and they were the biological parents of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam;[4] though some Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Torah state that Jochebed was Amram's father's cousin, the masoretic text states that she was his father's sister
In the Testament of Levi, Levi is described as having had two visions. The first vision covered eschatological issues, portraying the seven heavens, the Jewish Messiah, and Judgement Day. The second vision portrays seven angels bringing Levi seven insignia signifying priesthood, prophecy, and judgement; in the vision, after the angels anoint Levi, and initiate him as a priest, they tell him of the future of his descendants, mentioning Moses, the Aaronid priesthood, and a time when there would be priest-kings; this latter point was of particular interest to the Maccabean period of John Hyrcanus, who was both a high priest, and warrior-king, though according to textual scholars this is to be expected, since the Testament of Levi was written during Maccabean rule, between 153BC and 107BC, and closer to the latter date. The Book of Jubilees similarly has Isaac telling Levi of the future of his descendants, again predicting priesthood, prophets, and political power,[14] and additionally describes Jacob as entrusting Levi with the secrets of the ancients, so that they would be known only to the Levites;[15] however, like the Testament of Levi, the Book of Jubilees is regarded as a Maccabean document by scholars.
24. Kohath BEN LEVIAccording to the Torah, Kohath was one of the sons of Levi, and the patriarchal founder of the Kohathites, one of the four main divisions among the Levites in biblical times. In some apocryphal texts such as the Testament of Levi, and the Book of Jubilees, Levi's wife, Kohath's mother, is named as Milkah, a daughter of Aramdaughter of Levi BEN YAKOB and Melcha. In the Book of Exodus, Kohath is described as having four sons - Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel - with Amram marrying a woman named Jochebed, and becoming the biological father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
The Bible ascribes a specific religious function to the Kohathites, namely care of the vessels and objects within the sanctuary - the Ark of the Covenant, Menorah, Table of Shewbread, etc.. This differentiation of religious activity between the Kohathites and other Levites, even the Aaronids, is found only in the Priestly Code, and not in passages that textual scholars attribute to other authors According to the Book of Joshua, rather than possessing a continuous territory, the Kohathites possessed several cities scattered throughout the geographic region in the Kingdom of Israel south of the Jezreel Valley, and in the region north of the Galilee, the latter being an extremely large distance apart from the former:
•       in the territory of Ephraim: Shechem, Gezer, Kibzaim, and Beth-horon
•       in the territory of Manasseh: Tanach, Gat Rimon
•       in the territory of Dan: Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Aijalon, and Gath-rimmon
25.AmramKOHATH ha-Levi (Hebrew: ???????, Modern Amram Tiberian ?Amr?m ; Friend of the most high/The people are exalted) Arabic ????? Imran, is the father of Aaron, Moses, and Miriam and the husband of Jochebed BAT LEVI of Israel, (Book of Exodus,)
26.Aaron BEN AMRAM ha-Levi, High Priest of Israel Aaron married Elisabe BAT AMINADAB, daughter of Amminadab BEN ARAMIn the Hebrew Bible AaronHebrew: ???????? Ah?r?n, who is often called "'Aaron the Priest"' (??????? ????????) and once Aaron the Levite (??????? ????????) (Exodus 4:14), was the older brother of Moses, (Exodus 6:16-20, 7:7) and a prophet of God. He represented the priestly functions of his tribe, becoming the first High Priest of the Israelites. While Moses was receiving his education at the Egyptian royal court, and during his exile among the Midianites, Aaron and his sister Miriam remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border-land of Egypt (Goshen). There, Aaron gained a name for eloquent and persuasive speech, so that when the time came for the demand upon the Pharaoh to release Israel from captivity, Aaron became his brother’s nabi, or spokesman, to his own people (Exodus 7:1)
The Jewish Encyclopedia suggests two possible accounts of Aaron's death. The principal one gives a detailed statement that soon after the incident at Meribah, Aaron, with his son Eleazar and Moses, ascended Mount Hor. There Moses stripped Aaron of his priestly garments and transferred them to Eleazar. Aaron died on the summit of the mountain, and the people mourned for him thirty days (Numbers 20:22-29; compare 33:38-39). The other account is found in Deuteronomy 10:6, where Moses is reported as saying that Aaron died at Moserah and was buried there.
Each of the tribal princes of Israel took a rod and wrote his name upon it, and the twelve rods were laid up over night in the tent of meeting. The next morning Aaron’s rod was found to have budded and blossomed and produced ripe almonds (Numbers 17:8). The miracle proved merely the prerogative of the tribe of Levi; but now a formal distinction was made in perpetuity between the family of Aaron and the other Levites. While all the Levites (and only Levites) were to be devoted to sacred services, the special charge of the sanctuary and the altar was committed to the Aaronites alone (Numbers 18:1-7).
27.Aaron: Descended from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; Great-grandfather: Levi, third of 12 sons and tribes of Israel; Grandfather: Kohath; Father: Amram; Mother: Jochebed; Sister: Miriam; Brother: Moses; Uncles: Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel; Wife: Elisheba; Sons: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar; Grandson: Phinehas
28.Eleazar(or Elazar; pronounced /?li?e?z?/), (Hebrew: ?????????, Modern El?azar Tiberian El??z?r ; "God has helped") was a priest in the Hebrew Bible, the second Kohen Gadol (High Priest) - succeeding his father Aaron. He was a nephew of Moses. Eleazar fulfilled a number of functions over the course of the Wilderness wanderings, from creating the plating to the altar out of the firepans of Korah's assembly to performing the ritual of the Red Heifer.(The red heifer or red cow (Hebrew: ??? ??????; parah adumah) was a sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible the ashes of which are used for the ritual purification of an ancient Israelite who had come into contact with a corpse.) After the death of his older brothers Nadab and Abihu, he was appointed to the charge of the sanctuary. His wife, a daughter of Putiel, bore him Phinehas, who would eventually succeed him as Kohen Gadol. On Mount Hor he was clothed with the sacred vestments, which Moses took from off his father Aaron and put upon him as successor to his father in the high priest's office, which he held for more than twenty years. He took part with Moses in numbering the people, and assisted at the inauguration of Joshua. He assisted in the distribution of the land after the conquest. When he died, he "was buried at Gibeah, which had been allotted to his son Phinehas in the hill country of Ephraim". The Hill of Phinehas[2] related in the Bible is associated with the location of the village of Awarta in the Samarian section of the current day West Bank
The high-priesthood remained in the family of Eleazar until the time of Eli, into whose family it passed (Eli was a descendant of Ithamar, Eleazar's brother). The high priesthood was restored to the family of Eleazar in the person of Zadok after Abiathar was cast out by Solomon
Chronicles 6:4 Eleazar was the father of Phinehas, Phinehas the father of Abishua,
29.Phinehas or Phineas 3rd High Priest of Israel (/?f?ni?s/; Hebrew: ?????????, Modern Pin??as Tiberian Pinchas) was a High Priest of Israel in the wilderness, the grandson of Aaron, and son of Eleazar the High Priest (Exodus 6:25), who distinguished himself as a youth at Shittim by his zeal against the Heresy of Peor: the immorality with which the Moabites and Midianites had successfully tempted the people (Numbers 25:1-9) to worship Baal-peor where Phineas personally executed an Israelite man and a Midianite woman while they were together in the man's tent, running a spear or lance through the man and the belly of the woman ending a plague said to have been sent by God to punish the Israelites for sexually intermingling with the Midianites. Phineas is commended for having stopped Israel's fall to idolatrous practices brought in by Midianite women, as well as for stopping the desecration of God's sanctuary. He is commemorated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church on September 2.
Phinehas son of Eleazar appears again in the book of Joshua. When the tribes of Reuben and Gad, together with the half-tribe of Manasseh, depart to take possession of their lands beyond the Jordan, they build a great altar on the other side; the remainder of the Israelites mistake this for a separatist move to set up a new religious centre, and send Phinehas to investigate (Joshua 22:9-34).
Phinehas appears as the chief adviser in the war with the Benjamites. He is commemorated in Psalm 106:28-31. According to Chronicles 6:4-8, his relation to Zadok is the following: Phinehas begat Abishua, Abishua begat Bukki, Bukki begat Uzzi, Uzzi begat Zerahiah, Zerahiah begat Meraioth, Meraioth begat Amariah, Amariah begat Ahitub, and Ahitub begat Zadok. According to I Maccabees, he is the ancestor of Matitiyahu.
30.Abishua was an early High priest of Israel. Abishua is mentioned in the books 1 Chronicles (6:35) and Ezra (7:5) as the son of the High Priest Phinehas, son of Eleazar. As such, he is the great-grandson of Aaron, the brother of Moses and first High Priest.According to Josephus and other extrabiblical sources, he succeeded his father as High Priest.
33.Bukki BEN ABISHUA ha-Kohen, High Priest of IsraelAbishua was succeeded by Bukki according to the Old Testament. Bukki, son of Abishua-ancestor of Seraiah “Ezra”BEN AZARIAH ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel
34.Uzzi BEN BUKKI ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel
According to Samaritan sources a civil War broke out between the Sons of Itamar {Eli} and the Sons of Phinehas{a son of Eleazar son of Aaron the High Priest}-which resulted in the division of those who followed Eli and those who followed High Priest Uzzi ben Bukki at Mount Gerizim Bethel {A third group followed neither}.
35.Zerahiah BEN UZZI ha-Kohen, Zerahiah ben Uzzi ha-Kohen was born. 1 Chron. 6:6 "And Uzzi begat Zerahiah..." He was the son of Uzzi ben Bukki ha-Kohen.
36.Meraioth BEN ZERAHIAH ha-Kohen, Meraioth ben Zerahiah ha-Kohen was born. 1 Chron. 6:6 "... and Zerahiah begat Meraioth." He was the son of Zerahiah ben Uzzi ha-Kohen.
37.Amariah BEN MERAIOTH ha Kohen, Amariah ben Meraioth ha-Kohen was born. 1 Chron. 6:7 "Meraioth begat Amariah..." He was the son of Meraioth ben Zerahiah ha-Kohen.
38.Ahitub BEN AMARIAH ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israelwas born. Chron. 6:7 "... and Amariah begat Ahitub."He was the son of Amariah ben Meraioth ha-Kohen.
There is a faint possibility that this Ahitub was made high priest by Saul after the extermination of the family of Ahimelech, but it is very unlikely as there are apparently no references supporting this. It is much more likely that Saul had no official high priest after this incident until the end of his reign (see Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews, Book VI, Chapter XII, Paragraph 7.)
39.Zadok BEN AHITUB ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel. 1 Chron. 6:12 "And Ahitub begat Zadok..." (Hebrew: Tzadok ????, meaning "Righteous") was a priest descended from Eleazar the son of Aaron. He aided King David during the revolt of his son Absalom, and was consequently instrumental in bringing King Solomon to the throne. After Solomon's building of The First Temple in Jerusalem, Zadok was the first High Priest to serve there.The prophet Ezekiel extols the sons of Zadok as staunch opponents of paganism during the era of its pagan worship and indicates their birthright to unique duties and privileges in the future Third Temple (Ezekiel 42:13, 43:19).
Zadok (Hebrew: Tzadok ????, meaning "Righteous") was a priest descended from Eleazar the son of Aaron. He aided King David during the revolt of his son Absalom, and was consequently instrumental in bringing King Solomon to the throne. After Solomon's building of The First Temple in Jerusalem, Zadok was the first High Priest to serve there.
The prophet Ezekiel extols the sons of Zadok as staunch opponents of paganism during the era of its pagan worship and indicates their birthright to unique duties and privileges in the future Third Temple (Ezekiel 42:13, 43:19).
Zadok was a patrilineal descendant of Eleazar the son of Aaron the high priest.(2 Samuel 8:17; 1 Chronicles 24:3) The lineage of Zadok is presented in the genealogy of Ezra (his descenedant) as being of ninth generation of direct patrilineal descent from Phineas the son of Eleazar; Ezra 7:1, see 1 Chronicles 5:30 where he is placed ninth in descent from Phineas.
..Zadok, The son of Ahitub, son of Amaryah, son of Azaryah, son of Mirayoth, son of Zerachyah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki, son of Avishua, son of Phineas
—Ezra 7:1-4
In chronological order, Zadok is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron. During the rebellion of Absalom, Zadok is mentioned as He and the Levites wished to accompany the fleeing David and bring along the Ark of the Covenant, but the king instructed them to remain at Jerusalem, where they could do him better service), so that it actually happened that Ahimaaz, the son of Zadok, along with Jonathan, the son of Abiathar, brought the fleeing king a life saving message. In all these passages Zadok is mentioned in precedence to Abiathar.
Both Zadok and Abiathar were functioning in tandem as high priests at the time of David's hasty exit from Jerusalem. But, when King David sought advice from the Urim and Thummim by way of Abiathar a divine response was not given, leading to his dismissal from high-priesthood Subsequently, when Adonijah endeavoured to secure the throne, Abiathar sided with him, leading king Solomon (David's son) to expel him from Jerusalem and reinforce Zadok's high-priesthood, who, along with Nathan the Prophet, supported King Solomon's accession to throne.
According to 1 Kings 1:39, Zadok officiated at the anointing ceremony of Solomon as king.
The Hebrew Bible records how before his death, Aaron was accompanied by his brother Moses and his sons Elazar and Ithamar. Upon entry to the cave where he was to die, Aaron saw his brother Moshe dress his elder son Elazer with the clothes of the High priesthood, as initiation to high priesthood. Jewish commentaries on the Bible say that this initiation ceremony served as the catalyst for the stipulation that all future candidates of high priesthood be patrilineal descendants of Elazar the elder son of Aaron and not Ithamar, the younger son.
Similarly, the Hebrew Bible relates how, at the time Phineas son of Eleazar appeased God's anger, he merited the divine blessing of God:“Phineas the son of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest..Behold I give to him my covenant of peace, and will be his, and his progeny after him, (a) covenant of everlasting priesthood in turn of his zealousness for his God, and he atoned for the sons of Israel” —Book of Numbers 25
According to the Masoretic Hebrew text, David addressed the priest, Zadok, with the words "ha-Kohen ha-ro'eh attah," ("You are the seer-priest") (II Sam. 15:27) and the Vulgate consequently regards Zadok as a seer, although this interpretation is regarded by many scholars as incorrect. These two difficult words are emended by Wellhausen to "ha-Kohen ha-Rosh Atta" ("You are the chief priest"), thus implying the promise of the high-priesthood to him. On the suppression of the rebellion, the king sent Zadok and Abiathar to the elders of Judah, urging them to hasten to bring the monarch back (ib. 19:12) Zadok again manifested his loyalty to the king when he espoused the cause of Solomon against Adonijah, (I Kings 1:8 et seq.) and in his gratitude the new king appointed him sole high priest (ib. ii. 35). In his account of this event Josephus states (Antiquities 8,1, § 3) that Zadok was a scion of the house of Phinehas, and consequently a descendant of Eleazar.
Historical data show that the high-priesthood remained in the progeny of the Zadokites from the time of Zadok up until the rise of the Maccabees, in about 167 BC. The descendants of Zadok increased in rank and influence, so that his son Azariah was one of the princes of Solomon,(1 Kings 4:2) and the Ahimaaz who married a daughter of Solomon was probably another of Zadok's children (1 Kings 4:15) Either Zadok himself or his grandson was the ruler of the Aaronite priests (1 Chronicles 27:17), and Jerusha, the mother of Jotham, is apparently termed the daughter of Zadok to emphasize her noble lineage, since her father may have been a descendant of the first Zadok (2 Kings 15:33; 2 Chronicles 27:1
40.Ahima'az BEN ZADOK ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel 1 Chron. 6:8 "... and Zadok begat Ahimaaz."He was the son of High Priest Zadok "the Priest" ben Ahitub ha-Kohen. Ahimaazwas the father of High Priest Azariah ben Ahimaaz ha-Kohen; the son of Ahimaaz, who succeeded his father Zadok as high priest in the days of Solomon.
The son and successor of Zadok in the office of high priest (1 Chr. 6:8, 53). On the occasion of the revolt of Absalom he remained faithful to David, and was of service to him in conveying to him tidings of the proceedings of Absalom in Jerusalem (2 Sam. 15:24-37; 17:15-21). He was swift of foot, and was the first to carry to David tidings of the defeat of Absalom, although he refrained, from delicacy of feeling, from telling him of his death (2 Sam. 18:19-33).
Azariah BEN AHIMA'AZ ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel 1 Chron. 6:9 "And Ahimaaz begat Azariah" He officiated at the consecration of the temple. He was the son of Ahimaaz ben Zadok ha-Kohen. born Chron. 6:9 "And Ahimaaz begat Azariah ..."
Shallum ben Zadok ha-Kohen 1 Chron. 6:12 "... and Zadok begat Shallum."
Hilkiah BEN SHALLUM,27th High Priest; ha-KOHEN son of Azariah ben ZADOK, was a Hebrew Priest at the time of King Josiah.(= "my portion is Yhwh"):His name is mentioned in II Kings. He was the High Priest over the Temple of priests that were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, and was the father of an influential family in the Kingdom of Judah. He is known for finding a lost copy of the Book of the Torah at the Temple in Jerusalem at the time that King Josiah commanded that the Holy Temple be refurbished (II Kings 22:8). Hilkiah was the father of Jeremiah the prophet, and possibly Ezekiel the priest, whose mother was Buzi (from the Hebrew root "Buz" which means contempt). His preaching mayhave helped spur Josiah to return Judah to the worship of Yahweh, the God of Israel.He would have lived in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin. Ezra 7:2 the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub,
Hilkiah’s name meant “Jehovah is my spirit.”He is either the father of grandfather of Seriah who was the last High Priest before the Babylonian Exile.
High priest in the reign of Josiah (II Kings xxii. 4 et seq.). It is probable that he was the Hilkiah ben Shallum who figures in the genealogy of high priests in I Chron. v. 39 (A. V. vi. 13), and that he was, consequently, father of Azariah and great-grandfather of Ezra the Scribe (ib.; Ezra vii. 1).
Hilkiah ben Shallum ha-Kohen was living 0623 B.C. To him and his deputy #2Ki 23:5 along with the ordinary priests and the Levites who had charge of the gates, was entrusted the purification of the temple in Jerusalem. While this was in progress, he discovered in some hidden corner of the building a book called the ...book of the law... #2Ki 22:8 and the ...book of the covenant... #2Ki 23:2 Some have supposed that this ...book... was nothing else than the original autograph copy of the Pentateuch written by Moses # De 31:9-26 This remarkable discovery occurred in the eighteenth year of Josiah?s reign, a discovery which permanently affected the whole subsequent history of Israel. He was high priest in the reign of Josiah. He was born. 1 Chron. 6:13 ...And Shallum begat Hilkiah...... High Priest. He was the son of Shallum ben Zadok ha-Kohen.
Azariah ben Hilkiah ha-Kohen 1 Chron. 6:13 "... and Hilkiah begat Azariah."
Seraiah “Ezra”BEN AZARIAH ha-Kohen, High Priest of IsraelDied 587 in Riblah, Judah, Southern Kingdom.The bother ofHoshaiah ben Azarya, High Priest.Seraiah was a priest of the days of Jehoiakim (Neh. 12:1, 12).1 Chronicles 5:40. Chronicles 18:16. 1 Chron. 6:14 "And Azariah begat Seraiah ..." (genealogy of high priests in I Chron. v. 39)
Ezra is called Ben Seraiah, whose pedigree is traced to Eleazar the son of Aaron; Seraiah the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, was the father of Josedec the high priest carried into captivity (1 Chronicles 6:14, etc.), and was himself the high priest whom Nebuchadnezzar slew at Riblah (2 Kings 25:18-21).
New International Version (©1984) After these things, during the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah,
2 Kings 25:18 The commander of the guard took as prisoners Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the priest next in rank and the three doorkeepers.
Jeremiah 52:24 The commander of the guard took as prisoners Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the priest next in rank and the three doorkeepers.
Jehozadak BEN SERAIAH ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel Aka: Jehoshua 1st High Priest ben Jehozadak, High Priest / ??? ????son of Seriah, went to captivity in Babylonia, hence unable to perform duties in any temple.He was the brother of Ezra ben Seraiah and Jachin of Israel.
Jehozadak ben Seraiah ha-Kohen was a witness where King of Judah Jeconiah ha-David taken captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II 0587 B.C.Jehozadak ben Seraiah ha-Kohen was born. 1 Chron. 6:14 "... and Seraiah begat Jehozadak."He was the son of Seraiah ben Azariah ha-Kohen. High Priest. Jehozadak ben Seraiah ha-Kohen and High Priest Jeshua ben Jehozadak ha-Kohen were taken into captivity in Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar. 1 Chron. 6:15 "And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the LORD carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar."
Yeshua (Joshua) BEN JEHOZADAK ha-Kohen, 1st Jerusalem High Priest after Captivity from c.515 to 490 B.C..
High Priest Jeshua ben Jehozadak ha-Kohen was living 0520 B.C. He returned to Jerusalem from captivity in Babylon 0538 B.C.. Ezra 2:1 "Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the captivity, of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city;" 2:2 "Which came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua ..."1 He and Jehozadak ben Seraiah ha-Kohen were taken into captivity in Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar. 1 Chron. 6:15 "And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the LORD carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar."2 High Priest Jeshua ben Jehozadak ha-Kohen was born. Ezra 10:18 "... Jeshua the son of Jozadak."3 He was high priest of the Jews under Zerubbabel.4,5 He was amongst those that took wives while in captivity in Babylon. Ezra 10:18 "And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah." 10:19 "And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass."6 High Priest. He was the son of Jehozadak ben Seraiah ha-Kohen. High Priest Jeshua ben Jehozadak ha-Kohen and Zerubbabel ha-David rebuilt an altar to God on returning to Jerusalem. Ezra 3:1 "And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem." 3:2 "Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God."7
Yoakim (Joachim) BEN YESHUA ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel (c.490-Died: Abt 453 B.C. ‘ Neh. 12:10 "And Jeshua begat Joiakim..." High Priest -
Eliashib BEN JOAKIM ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel (c.470-Died: Abt 433 B.C.Neh. 3:1 "Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests...".
Joiadah BEN ELIASHIB ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel living 0445 B.C. He was born. Neh. 12:10 “…Joiakim also begat Eliashib…”He was the son of High Priest Joiakim ben Jeshua ha-Kohen.
Yohanan BEN JOIADAH ha-Kohen, High Priest of Israel c.410-371BC Neh. 12:10 "... and Eliashib begat Joiada." High Priest. He was the son of High Priest Eliashib ben Joiakim ha-Kohen.
Jadduah BEN JOHANAN ha-Kohen, High Priest c.371-Died: Abt 321 B.C. High Priest during the reign of Alexander the Great Neh. 12:11 "And Joiada begat Jonathan ..."2 High Priest. He was the son of High Priest Joiada ben Eliashib ha-Kohen.
He was still a minor when his father died, so that his uncle Eleazar, and after him the latter's uncle Manasseh, officiated as high priests before he himself succeeded to that dignity.

According to Josephus, he was a covetous man and of limited intelligence, whose refusal to pay the twenty talents of silver which every high priest was required to pay to the King of Egypt threatened to imperil both the high priest and the people; but at this juncture Joseph, the clever son of Tobias and nephew of Onias, succeeded in pacifying King Ptolemy III (Euergetes). Onias is said to have died, almost simultaneously with his nephew Joseph, during the reign of Seleucus Soter hence about 181 BC
Simon I "the Just" BEN ONIAS ha-Kohen, High Priest (c.280-260BC
Onias II BEN SIMEON ha-Kohen, High Priest (c.240-Died: Abt 181 B.C.
He was still a minor when his father died, so that his uncle Eleazar, and after him the latter's uncle Manasseh, officiated as high priests before he himself succeeded to that dignity.
According to Josephus, he was a covetous man and of limited intelligence, whose refusal to pay the twenty talents of silver which every high priest was required to pay to the King of Egypt threatened to imperil both the high priest and the people; but at this juncture Joseph, the clever son of Tobias and nephew of Onias, succeeded in pacifying King Ptolemy III (Euergetes). Onias is said to have died, almost simultaneously with his nephew Joseph, during the reign of Seleucus Soter hence about 181 BC

BEN ONIAS ha-Kohen, High Priest of IsraelHe was a Levite of the lineage of Joarib, 5th grandson of Idaiah son of Joarib and grandson of Jochin, a descendant of Phinehas, 3rd High Priest.
Hasmonaeus (Asmon /Asmonæaus) "The Aaronite", High Priest of Israel. a Levite of the lineage of Joarib for being the 5th grandson of Idaiah, son of Joarib and grandson of Jachin, in turn a descendant of Phinehas, 3rd High Priest of Israel, according to Mattathias' own words in I Maccabees.
Simon (Simeon) BEN HASMON High Priest of Israel “The Hasmonean”
Yochanan (Jonathan) BEN SIMEON High Priest of Israel
Mattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: ?????? ?? ????? ??????, Matityahu ben Yo?anan HaKohen, Priest of Modin, King of Judah. Son of Yohannan, grandson of Simeon, the Hasmonean, and great-grandson of Asmon or Hasmonaeus, a Levite of the lineage of Joarib for being the 5th grandson of Idaiah, son of Joarib and grandson of Jachin, in turn a descendant of Phinehas, 3rd High Priest of Israel, Died: 167 B.C.Mattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: ?????? ?? ????? ??????, Matityahu ben Yo?anan HaKohen) (died 165 BC)was a Jewish priest whose role in the Jewish revolt against the Syrian Greeks is related in the Books of the Maccabees. Mattathias is accorded a central role in the story of Hanukkah and, as a result, is named in the Al Hanissim prayer Jews add to Grace after meals and the Amidah during the festival's eight days.
The father of Judah and the other Maccabee leaders, Mattathias was from a rural priestly family from Modi'in. Like all fit priests, he served in the Temple in Jerusalem. He was a son of Yohannan, grandson of Simeon, the Hasmonean, and great-grandson of Asmon or Hasmonaeus, a Levite of the lineage of Joarib for being the 5th grandson of Idaiah, son of Joarib and grandson of Jachin, in turn a descendant of Phinehas, 3rd High Priest of Israel, according to Mattathias' own words in I Maccabees.
After the Seleucid persecutions began, Mattathias returned to Modi'in. In 167 BC, when asked by a Seleucid Greek government representative under King Antiochus IV to offer sacrifice to the Greek gods, he not only refused to do so, but slew with his own hand the Jew who had stepped forward to do so. He then attacked the government official that required the actUpon the edict for his arrest, he took refuge in the wilderness of Judea with his five sons, and called upon all Jews to follow him. Many eventually responded to his call.
This was the first step in the war of the Maccabees against the Seleucid Greeks, the result of which was Jewish independence, which had not been enjoyed for 400 years. The events of the war of the Maccabees form the basis for the holiday of Hanukkah, which is celebrated by Jews on the 25th of Kislev (on the Hebrew calendar, corresponding to Mid-November to Late-December on the Gregorian Calendar).The story of the Maccabees can be found in the deuterocanonical books of 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees, in Josephus, and in Talmudic references (Shabbat 21b, Shabbat 23a - related to the candles).The "Al Hanisim" prayer, added into the Amidah and Grace after meals on Chanukah, refers to the story of the Maccabees and to Mattathias by name.
Simon HA-MAKABI Prince-Priest Died: Feb 135 B.C.Simon Thassi (died 135 BC) was the second son of Mattathias and thus a member of the Hasmonean family. The name "Thassi" has an uncertain meaning ("the Director", "the Guide", "the Man of Counsel", and "the Zealous" are all possible meanings of the term)
He took part in the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid Empire led by his brothers, Judas Maccabaeus and Jonathan Maccabaeus. He became the first prince of the Hebrew Hasmonean Dynasty. He reigned from 142 to 135 BC.
Modi'in-Maccabim- Re'ut ?????????-??????????-??????
Ancient Modi'in was the place of origin of the Jewish Hasmonean dynasty that ruled Judea in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, and it is where the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Greeks started.
The Hasmonean Dynasty was founded by a resolution, adopted in 141 BC, at a large assembly "of the priests and the people and of the elders of the land, to the effect that Simon should be their leader and high priest forever, until there should arise a faithful prophet" (1 Maccabees 14:41).
Recognition of the new dynasty by the Roman Republic was accorded by the Senate about 139 BCE, when the delegation of Simon was in Rome. Simon made the Jewish people semi-independent of the Seleucid Empire.
In February 135 BC, he was assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy, son of Abubus. Simon was followed by his third son, John Hyrcanus, whose two elder brothers, Mattathias and Judah, had been murdered, together with their father.
SIMON MACCABEUS

He took part in the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid Empire led by his brothers, Judas Maccabaeus and Jonathan Maccabaeus. He became the first prince of the Hebrew Hasmonean Dynasty. He reigned from 142 to 135 BC.

The Hasmonean Dynasty was founded by a resolution, adopted in 141 BC, at a large assembly "of the priests and the people and of the elders of the land, to the effect that Simon should be their leader and high priest forever, until there should arise a faithful prophet" (1 Maccabees xiv. 41).

Recognition of the new dynasty by the Roman Republic was accorded by the Senate about 139 BC, when the delegation of Simon was in Rome. Simon made the Jewish people semi-independent of the Seleucid Empire.

In February 135 BC, he was assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy. Simon was followed by his third son, John Hyrcanus, whose two elder brothers, Mattathias and Judah, had been murdered, together with their father
John Hyrcanus I HA-MAKABI (Yohanan Girhan)Prince-Priest of Jerusalem 134-104BC) JOHN HYRCANUS MACCABEUS He was the son of Simon Maccabaeus

Life and work

He was the son of Simon Maccabaeus and hence the nephew of Judas Maccabaeus, Jonathan Maccabaeus and their siblings, whose story is told in the deuterocanonical books of 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees, and in the Talmud. John was not present at a banquet at which his father and his two brothers were murdered, purportedly by his brother-in-law Ptolemy. He attained to his father's former offices, that of high priest and king (although some Jews never accepted any of the Hasmoneans as being legitimate kings, as they were not lineal descendants of David).

Achievements

John Hyrcanus apparently combined an energetic and able style of leadership with the zeal of his forebears. He was known as a brave and brilliant military leader. He is credited with the forced conversion of the Idumeans to Judaism, which was unusual for a Jewish leader; Judaism was not typically spread by the sword. He also set out to resolve forcibly the religious dispute between the Jews and the Samaritans; during his reign he destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim (although their descendants still worship among its ruins), which served further to deepen the already-historic hatred and rivalry between the two groups. Many historians believe that the apocryphal book of Jubilees was written during his reign; some would suggest even at his behest. Some writers, particularly Christian ones, have dated the division of Judaism into the parties of Pharisees and Sadducees to his era; most Jewish writers and some Christian ones suggest that this split actually well predates him. Some historians would go so far as to identify him, as a priest, predominantly with the Sadducee party, which was closely associated with the Temple worship and the priestly class.

Peak and decline of the kingdom

John Hyrcanus represented in some ways the highest point of the Hasmonean Dynasty. The restored Jewish "kingdom" approached its maximum limits of both territory and prestige. Upon his death, his offices were divided among his heirs; his son Aristobulus succeeded him as high priest; his wife as "Queen regnant". The son, however, soon came to desire the essentially unchecked power of his father; he shortly ordered his mother and his brothers imprisoned. This event seems to mark the beginning of the decline of the Hasmonean Dynasty; in just over four decades they were removed from power by the Roman Republic and none of them ever began to approach the level of power or prestige that had pertained to John Hyrcanus or his predecessors.
Alexander Jannæus MACCABÆUS King of Judaea Born: 125 B.C. Died: 76 B.C He married Alexander married Salome Shelomtzion (ShlomTzion, Shelomit) Queen of Judaea (76-67 BC). (Shelomtzion (ShlomTzion, Shelomit) Queen of Judaea (76-67 BC) was born in 139 B.C. and died in 67 B.C..)
Under the name King Yannai, he appears as a wicked tyrant in the Talmud, reflecting his conflict with the Pharisee party. He is among the more colorful historical figures little known, however, outside specialized history, although the impact of him and his widow on the subsequent development of Judaism and Christianity is substantial.

An avid supporter of the aristocratic Hellenist faction known as the Sadducees, his reign was constantly challenged by opponents, among them a brother with a rival claim to the throne, and the populist urban-based Pharisee party.

At the beginning of his reign Alexander Jannaeus halted the suppression of the Pharisees and the Sages for a while, under the influence of his wife Salome Alexandra (said to be the sister of the great Jewish sage Shimon ben Shetach). This gave him time and resources to increase his power and prestige by extending the territory under his rule through war and conquest. As his power grew, however, he enlisted foreign soldiers to suppress his own people and eliminate the Pharisees.

One year during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, Alexander Jannaeus, while officiating as the High Priest (Kohen Gadol) at the Temple in Jerusalem, demonstrated his support of the Sadducees by denying the law of the water libation. The crowd responded with shock at his mockery and showed their displeasure by pelting Alexander with the etrogim (citrons) that they were holding in their hands. Unwittingly, the crowd had played right into Alexander's hands. He had intended to incite the people to riot and his soldiers fell upon the crowd at his command. The soldiers slew more than 6,000 people in the Temple courtyard.

A civil war started, in which the Pharisees allied with the Seleucid king Demetrius III against Alexander Jannaeus. He first retreated, but then managed to oust his rivals thanks to popular support against the Seleucid invasion of Judea. During the civil war, Alexander Jannaeus suppressed his rivals brutally, killing his brother and many leading Pharisees. The New Century Book of Facts writes:

"It is said that 50,000 perished in this civil strife. He quelled a revolt at Jerusalem by slaughtering 6,000. On his return from a short exile into which he had been driven by the Pharisees, he caused 800 rebels to be crucified before him and their wives and children slaughtered (86 B.C.)."

Alexander Jannaeus may have been in close relation with the monastic Essenes at some point, who were probably allies during his fight against the Pharisees. A piece from the Dead Sea scrolls from Qumran appears to be an homage to him:

"holy city/ for king Jonathan/ and all the congregation of your people/ Israel/ who are in the four/ winds of heaven/ peace be (for) all/ and upon your kingdom/ your name be blessed" (Transcription and translation by E. Eshel, H. Eshel, and A. Yardeni)

Alexander Jannaeus showed considerable competence as a military leader, repelling invaders and expanding the country's borders to the west and south. He was defeated by Ptolemy Lathyrus in Galilee; made an alliance with Cleopatra and drove Ptolemy out. By the end of his rule, the borders of his state would exceed that of David and extend to Gaza and far into Jordan.

Upon his death, he was succeeded as monarch by his wife Salome Alexandra, known also and better as Shlomzion, and succeeded as High Priest by his son John Hyrcanus II.
Hyrcanus II, a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, was the Jewish High Priest and King of Judea in the 1st century BC. Hyrcanus was the eldest son of Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest, and Alexandra Salome

Hyrcanus II was the Jewish High Priest from about 79 to 40 BCE. He was the eldest son of Alexander Jannæus and Alexandra Salome. His mother, who had installed him in the office of high priest, named him as her successor to the throne. He had scarcely reigned three months when his younger brother, Aristobulus II, rose in rebellion; whereupon Hyrcanus advanced against him at the head of his mercenaries and his Sadducee followers. Near Jericho the brothers met in battle; many of the soldiers of Hyrcanus went over to Aristobulus II, and thereby gave the latter the victory. Hyrcanus took refuge in the citadel of Jerusalem; but the capture of the Temple by Aristobulus II compelled Hyrcanus to surrender. A peace was then concluded, according to the terms of which Hyrcanus was to renounce the throne and the office of high priest (comp. Schürer, "Gesch." i. 291, note 2), but was to enjoy the revenues of the latter office.

Intrigues of Antipater

The struggle would have ended here but for Antipater the Idumean. Antipater saw clearly that it would be easier to reach the object of his ambition, the control of Judea, under the government of the weak Hyrcanus than under the warlike and energetic Aristobulus. He accordingly began to impress upon Hyrcanus' mind that Aristobulus was planning his death, finally persuading him to take refuge with Aretas, king of the Nabatæans. Aretas, bribed by Antipater, who also promised him the restitution of the Arabian towns taken by the Hasmoneans, readily espoused the cause of Hyrcanus and advanced toward Jerusalem with an army of fifty thousand. During the siege, which lasted several months, the adherents of Hyrcanus were guilty of two acts which greatly incensed the majority of the Jews: they stoned the pious Onias (see Honi ha-Magel), and, instead of a lamb which the besieged had bought of the besiegers for the purpose of the paschal sacrifice, sent a pig. Honi, ordered to curse the besieged, prayed: "Lord of the universe, as the besieged and the besiegers both belong to Thy people, I beseech Thee not to answer the evil prayers of either." The pig incident is derived from rabbinical sources. According to Josephus, the besiegers kept the enormous price of one thousand drachmas they had asked for the lamb.

Intervention of the Romans

While this civil war was going on the Roman general Marcus Aemilius Scaurus went to Syria to take possession, in the name of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, of the kingdom of the Seleucids. He was appealed to by the brothers, each endeavoring by gifts and promises to win him over to his side. At first Scaurus, moved by a gift of four hundred talents, decided in favor of Aristobulus. Aretas was ordered to withdraw his army from Judea, and while retreating suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Aristobulus. But when Pompey came to Syria (63 BCE) a different situation arose. Pompey, who had just been awarded the title "conqueror of Asia" due to his decisive victories in Asia Minor over Pontus and the the Seleucid Empire, had decided to bring Judea under the rule of the Romans. He took the same view of Hyrcanus' ability, and was actuated by much the same motives as Antipater: as a ward of Rome, Hyrcanus would be more acceptable than Aristobulus. When, therefore, the brothers, and delegates of the people's party, which, weary of Hasmonean quarrels, desired the extinction of the dynasty, presented themselves before Pompey, he delayed the decision, in spite of Aristobulus' gift of a golden vine valued at five hundred talents. The latter, however, fathomed the designs of Pompey, and entrenched himself in the fortress of Alexandrium; but, soon realizing the uselessness of resistance, surrendered at the first summons of the Romans, and undertook to deliver Jerusalem over to them. The patriots, however, were not willing to open their gates to the Romans, and a siege ensued which ended with the capture of the city.

Thus, between the weakness of Hyrcanus and the ambition of Aristobulus, Judea lost its independence. Aristobulus was taken to Rome a prisoner, and Hyrcanus was reappointed high priest, but without political authority. This, however, was restored to him by Gaius Julius Cæsar, who made him ethnarch (47 BCE); but Hyrcanus left all authority in the hands of Antipater, who used it for the promotion of the interests of his own house. Indeed, Hyrcanus' incapacity and weakness were so manifest that, while he was defending Herod (whom he had previously saved from the hands of the Sanhedrin) before Mark Antony, the latter stripped him of his nominal political authority and of his title of ethnarch, and bestowed them upon the accused.

Carried Prisoner to Babylon

The crisis which arose in Judea in the year 40 BCE put an end to the career of Hyrcanus. By the help of the Parthians, Antigonus the Hasmonean, Aristobulus' son, was proclaimed king and high priest, and Hyrcanus was seized and carried to Babylonia, after being made permanently ineligible for the office of high priest by the loss of his ears (according to Josephus, Antigonus bit Hyrcanus' ears off). For four years, until 36 BCE, he lived amid the Babylonian Jews, who paid him every mark of respect. In that year Herod, who feared that Hyrcanus might induce the Parthians to help him regain the throne, invited him to return to Jerusalem. In vain did the Babylonian Jews warn him. Herod received him with every mark of respect, assigning to him the first place at his table and the presidency of the state council. But he only waited an opportunity to get rid of him. In the year 30 BCE, charged with plotting with the King of Arabia, Hyrcanus was condemned and executed.
Alexandra the Maccabee (died ca. 28 BC) was the daughter of Hyrcanus II (died 30 BC), who was the son of Alexander Jannaeus. She married her cousin Alexander of Judaea (died 48 BC), who was the son of Aristobulus II. Their grandfather was Alexander Jannaeus, the second eldest son of John Hyrcanus. Their daughter was the Hasmonean Mariamne. Alexandra opposed her son-in-law Herod, and when he became sick with grief after having Mariamne executed, Alexandra tried to seize power, but was unsuccessful and was herself executedAlexander (Gr. ??????????, died 48 or 47 BC), or Alexander Maccabeus, was the eldest son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea.
Mariamne I, also called Mariamne the Hasmonean (died 29 BC) was the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus. Ultimately this was the main reason for the downfall of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.Mariamne I was executed by her husband, Herod.
Mariamne married Herod "the Great", King of Judaea (37-4 BC), son of Antipater the Idumaean and Princess Cypros of Nabataea, in 37 B.C. in Samaria. (Herod "the Great", King of Judaea (37-4BC) was born about 74 b.c. and died after 25 Apr 4 B.C..)
Alexander, son of Herod was born about 35 BC; died about 7 BC murdered by his father. His mother was the Hasmonean princess Mariamne.Alexander received in marriage the Cappadocian Princess Glaphyra, the daughter of King Archelaus of Cappadocia. Glaphyra bore Alexander three children, two sons: Tigranes, Alexander and an unnamed daughter. He married the Hasmonean princess Miriam (Mariamne) MACCABÆUS "the Hasmonean", Queen of Judaea,

Herod lodged formal complaint of high treason against his son and others with Augustus, who put the matter into Herod's own hands.The sentence was carried out without delay; about the year 7 BC, at Sebaste (Samaria) — where thirty years before Mariamne's wedding had been celebrated — her son suffered death by the cord.
Unnamed Princess of Judaea, daughter of Prince Alexandros of Judaea, the son of King Herod and the Hasmonean princess Miriam (Mariamne) MACCABÆUS "the Hasmonean", Queen of Judaea, and Glaphyre of Cappadocia the daughter of Archelaus of Cappadocia. After Alexander was executed by his father in 7 BC,Glaphyra returned to her father’s court and her children lost any connection to Judaism.Around the time of Vespasian they made the transit from eastern royalty to Roman senators. Herod’s family had beenJewish by conversion only. The Princess married Orodes III ARSHAKUNI King of Parthia Died: 7 AD.
King Orodes III (Persian: ??? ????) of Parthia was raised to the throne of the Parthian Empire around 4 AD by the magnates after the death of Phraates V of Parthia (reigned ca. 2 BC – AD 4). He was killed after a short reign "on account of his extreme cruelty" (Josephus). After his death, Phraates V's brother Vonones I (reigned ca. 8–12) tried to assume the throne, but a civil war with Artabanus II (reigned ca. 10–38) followed.
Vonones II ARSHAKUNI King of Parthia & Media Atropatene Born: 10 Died: Abt 51. He was the father of Vologases I, Tiridates I ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia and Pacorus ARSHAKUNI King of Media Atropatene (51-72)He had the following sons: Vologases I; Pacorus II; Osroes I; Mithridates IV and Tiridates I of Armenia.
Mithridates ARSHAKUNI IVKing of Armenia Born: Abt 45 Died: Abt 76Mithridates married Princess Awde of Osrhoene born between 45 and 50.
Mithridates IV of Parthia ruled the western Parthian Empire from 129 to 140. He was the brother of Osroes I of Parthia (109–129). He was the youngest son of the Parthian King Vonones II. During the invasion of Mesopotamia by the Roman emperor Trajan (98–117) in 116 he and his son Sanatruces II took up the diadem but were defeated. After the death of Osroes I in 129 he assumed the throne and continued the struggle with the rival king Vologases III of Parthia (105–147). He died in an attack on Commagene in 140. Mithridates IV had appointed his son Sanatruces successor, but Sanatruces fell in a battle with the Romans. Another son, Vologases IV of Parthia (147–191), took the throne after the death of Vologases III in 147
The brother of Mithridates King ofArmenia, Osroes I ARSHAKUNI King of Parthia,succeeded his brother Pacorus II as King of Parthia. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III based in the east of Parthia.

Orsoes invaded Armenia and placed first his nephew Exedares, and then his brother Parthamasiris on the Armenian throne. This enchroachment on the traditional sphere of influence of the Roman Empire— the two great empires had shared hegemony over Armenia since the time of Nero some 50 years earlier — led to a war with the Roman emperor Trajan.

In 113 Trajan invaded Parthia, marching first on Armenia. In 114 Parthamasiris surrendered and was killed. Trajan annexed Armenia to the Roman empire. Then he turned south into Parthia itself, taking the cities of Babylon, Seleucia and finally the capital of Ctesiphon in 116. He deposed Osroes I and put his own puppet ruler Parthamaspates on the throne. In Mesopotamia Osroes' brother Mithridates IV and his son Sanatruces II took the diadem and fought against the Romans, but Trajan marched southward to the Persian Gulf, defeated them, and declared Mesopotamia a new province of the empire. Later in 116, he crossed the Khuzestan mountains into Persia and captured the great city of Susa.

Following the death of Trajan and Roman withdrawal from the area, Osroes easily defeated Parthamaspates and reclaimed the Persian throne. Hadrian acknowedged this fait accompli, recognized Osroes, Parthamaspates king of Osroene, and returned Osroes' daughter who had been taken prisoner by Trajan.

It seems that the conflict with Rome had weakened Osroes and strengthened his rival Vologases — from about 121 there are few coins of the former and many of the latter
Vologases IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. The son of Mithridates IV of Parthia (129–140),(some sources say he was the son of Sanatruces II who was the son of Mithridates IV)he united the two halves of the empire which had been split between his father and Vologases III of Parthia (105–147). He also reconquered the kingdom of Characene which seems to have been independent since the Roman invasion of the Parthian empire under Trajan (98–117). Vologases IV may be the king Volgash of the Zoroastrian tradition, who began the gathering of the writings of Zoroaster. He married Daughter of Parasmenes of Iberia III s/o King Radamistus of Iberia, I s/o King Pharamenes of Iberia, II and Queen Ghadana of Armenia of Iberia.d/o Great King Vologaeses of Armenia, I s/o Sanatruces II, King of Parthia s/o Mithridates IV, King of Parthia
Conflicts with Rome began in about 155 with a dispute, as usual, over the kingdom of Armenia. In 162–166 the Parthians attacked the Roman Empire under Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. Although the Roman–Parthian War started auspiciously for the Parthians, after the Romans recovered from the first shock and setbacks, they counterattacked and restored Sohaemus to the Armenian throne and invaded the Parthian empire. In this war the city of Seleucia on the Tigris was destroyed and the palace at the capital Ctesiphon was burned to the ground by Avidius Cassius in 165. The Roman legions advanced as far as Media. Vologases IV made peace but was forced to cede western Mesopotamia to the Romans.
The end of his reign was marred by the revolt of Osroes II of Parthia (190), who appears to have set himself up in Media as a rival King in hope of succeeding Vologases IV. In the event, Vologases V (191–208) of the Arsacid cadet branch dynasty, ruling Armenia, won the succession, and appears to have quickly put down Osroes II
Vologases IV ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia (116-37) & Parthia Born: 95
King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) who is also known as Vologases V of Parthia
Vologases V of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. He was the son of Vologases IV (147–191). His succession was not uncontested; a rival King Osroes II (190) had already set himself up in Media before the death of the previous ruler, but Vologases V appears to have quickly put him down.
Vologases V was attacked by the Roman emperor Septimius Severus (193–211) in 195. Severus advanced into Mesopotamia, occupied Nisibis and plundered the Parthian capital Ctesiphon in 199, capturing many Parthians and selling them into slavery. He attempted in vain to conquer the Arabic fortress at Atra. In 202, peace was restored with the Roman Empire in effective control the whole of Mesopotamia.Vologases V was succeeded by his elder son Vologases VI of Parthia (208–228), but a younger son Artabanus IV (216–224) rebelled and civil war ensued.
KHOSROV I died 217, s/o Vologases V aka: Vologases II of Armenia. Had brothersVologases VI of Parthia and Artabanus IV of Parthia
Khosrov I (?????? ?, flourished second half of the 2nd century & first half of the 3rd century, died 217) was a Parthian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Khosrov I was one of the sons born to King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) who is also known as Vologases V of Parthia by an unnamed mother. Through his father, Khosrov I was a member of the House of Parthia thus a relation of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. Khosrov I was the namesake of the Parthian monarchs: Osroes I and Osroes II, see Khosrau. In 198, while his father was serving both as King of Parthia and Armenia, Vologases II abdicated his Armenian throne and gave the Armenian Kingship to Khosrov I. Khosrov I served as Armenian King from 198 until 217. In Armenian sources, Khosrov I is often confused with his famous grandson Khosrov II. Little is known on his life, prior to becoming King of Armenia. Khosrov I is the King whom classical authors present as a neutral monarch towards Rome. In 198 when the Roman emperor Septimius Severus was on his great campaign to the Parthian Empire sacking the capital Ctesiphon, Khosrov I had sent gifts and hostages to Severus. As a client monarch of Rome, Khosrov I was under the protection of Septimius Severus and his successor Caracalla. Between 214-216, Khosrov I with his family where under Roman detention for unknown reasons which provoked a major uprising in Armenia against Rome. In 215, Caracalla with the Roman army had invaded Armenia to end the uprising.
Tridates II ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia Born: Abt 194 Died: Abt 253 son and heir of King Khosrov I.
Tirdates II (????? ?, flourished second half of the 2nd century & first half of the 3rd century, died 252) was an Armenian Parthian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Tiridates II was the son and heir of the Armenian King Khosrov I, by an unnamed mother. Tiridates II was the namesake of his ancestor, Tiridates I of Armenia and his of Parthian ancestors who ruled with this name as King. As a part of the Armenian Arsacid period, he was also known as Khosrov. During the last years of his father’s reign in 214-216, Tiridates II with his family where under Roman detention for unknown reasons which provoked a major uprising in Armenia against Rome. In 215, the Roman emperor Caracalla with the Roman army had invaded Armenia to end the uprising. In 217 Khosrov I had died and Tiridates II succeeded his father as King of Armenia. Tiridates II was granted the Armenian Crown by Caracalla. He was declared King of Armenia upon Caracalla’s assassination which was on April 8, 217. Tiridates II ruled as King of Armenia from 217 until his death in 252. After the death of Caracalla, Macrinus became the new Roman emperor and not so long after Tiridates II received his Armenian Kingship, Macrinus agreed to release Tiridates II’s mother from Roman captivity. After the Battle of Nisibis in 217 and the treaty that occurred after between Rome and Parthia, Tiridates II was officially restored to his Armenian throne and his rule over Armenia was officially recognised.
Khusraw II "the Valiant" ARSHAKUNI King of West Armenia, grandson of Khosrau (Chrosroe) II Born: Abt 236 Died: 287
Khosrov II (?????? ?, flourished 3rd century, died 252) was an Armenian Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Khosrov II was the son of Tiridates II King of Armenia by an unnamed mother. Khosrov II was the namesake of his paternal grandfather Khosrov I and the Parthian monarchs: Osroes I and Osroes II, see Khosrau. In Armenian sources, Khosrov II is often confused with his grandfather Khosrov I. Little is known on his life prior to becoming Armenian King. From 226 until 238, Tiridates II was in military conflict with Ardashir I, the first king and founder of the Sassanid Empire. Ardashir I wanted to expand his empire, which included conquering Armenia. Khosrov II’s father put up a stubborn resistance against Ardashir I. After twelve years of fighting although Tiridates II was defeated by Ardashir I, Ardashir I withdrew his army and left Armenia. Khosrov II participated in his father’s military campaigns against Ardashir I and Ardashir I was alarmed by the victories of Tiridates II and Khosrov II against him. Tiridates II died in 252 and Khosrov II succeeded his father as King of Armenia. When Khosrov II became Armenian King his capital in the kingdom was Vagharshapat. From an unknown wife, Khosrov II had known two children: a daughter, called Khosrovidukht and a son called, Tiridates III. Sometime in 252, after Khosrov II succeeded his father as King of Armenia, Khosrov II was murdered by Anak the Parthian. Anak the Parthian was an Arsacid Prince and is said to be related to the Arsacid Kings of Armenia.
Trdates (Tiridates) III Helios "the Great" ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia Born: Between 260 and 280 Died: 331 Trdates married Asxen of Alania born est 280, daughter of King Ashkhadar of Alan and Unknown.Had these known children; Khosrau (Chrosroe, Khusraw, Khosrov) III "Godag" ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia (330-38),; ARSHAKUNI Princess of Armenia; Salome ARSHAKUNI Princess of Armenia who married Rev I SASSANID King of Iberia (345-61), son of St. Mihran III SASSANID King of Iberia (284-361) and Nana of Bosphorus.
Khosrau (Chrosroe, Khusraw, Khosrov) III "Godag" ARSHAKUNI King of Armenia Born: Abt 295 Died: 338-339
He was a man of short stature, thus his name. He founded the city of Dvin which later became the Armenian capital.

During his reign, two generals, Vatche Mamikonian and Vahan Amatuni, distinguished themselves for their valor in battle, often coming to help the king. During these years, pro-Sassanid and anti-Mamikonian sentiment grew in Armenia and so did anti-Roman sentiment. Pro-Sassanid groups gained popularity so much so that they were successful in assassinating Catholicos St. Aristaces I, son of Gregory the Illuminator (our ancestor)

Shapur II, Sassanid king of the Persians, invaded Armenia twice and did gain some territory. Vatche Mamikonian was killed in those battles and was later named a saint by the Armenian Apostolic Church for his sacrifice
Bambishn ARSHAKUNI Princess of Armenia.Bambishn married At'anakines SOUREN-PAHLAV of Armenia died in Ashtishat, Taron.), son of St. Yousik I Hesychius PAHLAV Primate of Armenia (342-48) and ARSHAKUNI Princess of Armenia.
St. Narses I "the Great" SOUREN-PAHLAV King of Armenia Born: Abt 335 Died: 373 He married Sandukht MAMIKONIAN born est 335, daughter of Vardan I MAMIKONIAN Prince of the Mamikonides (SEE BIOGRAPHY)
St. Isaac I "the Great" SOUREN-PAHLAV King of Armenia (SEE BIOGRAPHY)
Sahakanoysh Souren, Pahlav of Armenia b.abt.385; d/o Isaac [Sahak] I Souren "the Great", Pahlav of Armenia.She married Hamazasp I Mamikonian of Taraun, Sparapet of Armenia born,.abt 345; died abt.416.
General Hmayeak Mamikonian, SaintViceroy of Armenia born abt.410 d.451; s/o Hamazasp I Mamikonian and Sahakanoysh Souren, Pahlav of Armenia m.Dzayk Artsruni
Vard Patrik Mamikonian, Vicroy or Marzpan b.abt.450 d.abt.511; s/o Hmayeak Marmikonian, Saint and Dzoyk Artsruni
Hmayeak [Hmaycek] II Mamikonians/o Vard Patrik Mamikonian, Vicroy or Marzpan married RŠTOUNI d/o T'eodoros RŠTOUNI Nakharar of Armenia
Mousegh [Mushegh] I Mamikonian s/o Hmayeak [Hmaycek] II Mamikonian
Vahan II "Le Loup" Mamikonian, Prince of Taron born abt.555 died 605; s/o Mousegh [Mushegh] I Mamikonian
Dawith [David] Mamikonian born abt.580 Turkey died 606; s/o Vahan II "Le Loup" Mamikonian, Prince of Taron
Hamazasp II [III] Mamikonianborn abt.610 died 661; s/o Dawith [David] Mamikonian m.Theodore
Hrahat Mamikonian s/o Hamazasp II [III] Mamikonian
David Mamikonianborn abt.670 died 744; s/o Hrahat Mamikonian
Samuel II Mamikonian born abt.700 died 772; s/o David Mamikonian
Princess of the Mamikonids was born about 740.), daughter of Prince Samuel II MAMIKONIAN of Taraun and Unknown. This Princess married Smbat VII BAGRATUNI Sempad of Armenia Born: Abt 715 Smbat married Unnamed
Ašot Msaker, išxan of Armenia b. circa 755?, d. 826
Ašot Msaker, išxan of Armenia was later known as Msaker (the meat or man-eater).He was born circa 755?. He was the son of Smbat VII, sparapet and Princess of Taraun. Ašot Msaker, išxan of Armenia was the successor of Smbat VII, sparapet; Marzpan of Armenia. Ašot Msaker, išxan of Armenia succeeded Smbat and ruled twenty years. Marzpan of Armenia at Transcaucasia between 798 and 818. Presiding prince in 804.6 Prince of Armenia between 806 and 826. He was the predecessor of Smbat VIII Ablabas, sparapet of Armenia; Marzpan of Armenia.2 Ašot Msaker, išxan of Armenia died in 826.
Smbatthe Confessor VIII ( V) Ablabas BAGRATUNI Sparapet (Sper and Tayk) of ArmeniaBorn: Abt 785 Died: 856crowned king in 892,nephew ofAbas,Smbat married Hripsime, Armenian Princess.
Ašot I (???? ???) of Tao "the Great" BAGRATUNI 1stBagratid King of Armenia (885-890) 862–977). Born: Abt 815 Died: 890 Ašot married Kotramidé. (Kotramidé born est 825.)Ashot I Bagratuni (???? ???) was an Armenian prince, with Ashot II, oversaw Armenia's second golden age (862–977). He was born to Smbat the Confessor.
His family, the Bagratunis, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom along with the Artsruni. Both families were struggling for power through warfare against Arab invaders. He was recognized by the Abbasid Caliph as Prince of Princes of Armenia in 862. His later crowning as King of Armenia was consented to by Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid in 885, a move to prevent intrusion into the Armenian territory by Basil I Byzantine emperor, an Armenian. He was succeeded by his son, Smbat I. He reigned for five years until 890 and was married to Katranide.
He was attacked by Yusuf and Gagik, King of Vaspurakan, in 910. He was taken prisoner by the Saracen military commander Bulkasim and tortured "for one full year" in 913. He died in 914 in Duin. He was strangled, and then hanged on wood so that he shared the death and Cross of Christ, crucified
Smbat I “the Martyr” King of Armenia born c. 845 died 914 s/o Asot I “The Great,” King of Armenia and Kotramide
Ašot II Erkat' BAGRATUNI "the Iron"Shahanshah of Armenia King of Kings, son of Smbat I "the Martyr", King of Armenia,Born: Abt 873 Ašot marriedin 917 PrincessMarie of Kachum SEWADAY of Gardman. born about 900. d/o Sahak Sewaday, Prince of Gardman
Rhipsime (Ripsimija) BAGRATUNI, d/o Asot II Erkat, Born: After 917 Died: Abt 969 Rhipsime married Nikola KUMET Count of West Bulgaria born about 906 and died about 947, son of Boris I Mihail, Khan of Bulgaria and Marija.Boris I was named Michael after his godfather, Emperor Michael III
Samuil, Tsar of Bulgaria was born about 938. He died on 6 Oct 1014. He was the son of Nikola Kumet, Count and Rhipsime Bagratuni . He married Agatha Khrysilaina , daughter of John Khrysilios, Lord of Durazzo , (now Albania). circa 970.
Katun Anastazya of was born in 988 in Bulgaria. She died on 6 Oct 1014. She married Basil of Poland.BasilVazul. of Poland, a cousin of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary,born about 998 in Hungary. He died in 1037.
King I Andrew of Hungary the White (or the Catholic) (Hungarian: I. (Fehér/Katolikus))Andrew was the second son of Duke Vazul, who was a cousin of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary. He descended from a younger branch of the Árpád dynasty.Hemarried Princess Agatha Anastasia de Wettin was born about 1018 in Braunshweig, Prussia. She died on 13 Jul 1024. She married King Andrew of Hungary I
Princess Adelaide, of Hungary, only daughter of King Andrew I of Hungary of the Árpád dynasty, born c.?1045died 27 January 1062 (second wife of Vratislav II of Bohemia)married in 1057 King Wratislav of Bohemia born in 1035 in Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. He died on 14 Jan 1092.Wratislv re-married shortly after her death to ?wi?tos?awa of Poland and was later crowned as the first King of Bohemia in 1085. He was the son of Bretislav I, Kníze Ceská and Judith von Schweinfurt.
JUDITH OF BOHEMIA, also known as Judith P?emyslid, daughter of King Wratislav II (the son of Bretislaus I house of the P?emyslids and Judith of Schweinfurt,) and Adelaide (of HUNGARY, was born in 1057, and died in 1085 She married KING VLADISLAV I OF POLAND (Casimir I2, Mieszko II1), son of King Casimir I and Dobroniega, was born about 1043, and died on 4 June 1102.Wladyslaw was one of the greatest of the medieval Bohemian rulers.
KING BODESLAS III4 OF POLAND son of King Vladislav I and Judith of BOHEMIA, was born in 1086, and died in 1139. He married ZBYSLAVA OF KIEV, daughter of Sviatopolk II (Michael), Grand Prince, who died in 1113
KING VLADISLAS II OF POLAND son of King Bodeslas III and Zbyslava of KIEV, was born in 1105, and died on 30 May 1159. He married between 1125 and 1127, AGNES DE BABENBERG daughter of Leopold III, Margrave born c. 1084 at Klosterneuburg, Niederosterreich, Austria died 1106 at Klosterneuburg, Niederoesterreic, Austria and Agnes of FRANCONIA VON HOHENSTAUFFEN, Princess of the Holy Roman Empire who was born about 1111, and died on 25 Jan. 1157
RICHILDE6 OF POLAND daughter of King Vladislas II5 and Agnes de BABENBERG) was born about 1090, and died between 21 Sept. 1154 and 31 Dec. 1176. She married in July 1152, KING ALFONSO VII OF CASTILE GALICIAson of Raymond and Urraca of CASTILE, Queen of Leon and Castile, was born in 1103 in Castile, and died on 21 Aug. 1157
KING SANCHO III10 OF CASTILE of Castile, son of King Alfonso VII9 and Berenguela (of BARCELONA), Queen of Castile, was born in 1135, and died between 1154 and 1168 in Castile. He married on 4 Feb. 1151, BLANCHE OF NAVARRE, daughter of King Garcia VII and Marguerite (de L'AIGLE), who was born about 1139 in Navarre, and died on 12 Aug. 1156 in Castile
ALFONSO VIII "THE GOOD"11 OF CASTILE son of King Sancho III10 and Blanche of NAVARRE, was born on 11 Nov. 1155 in Castile, died on 6 Oct. 1214 in Huelgas, Burgos, Spain and was buried in Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. He married in Burgos, Spain, on 22 Sept. 1177, ELEANOR OF ENGLAND, QUEEN OF CASTILE of Dedham, daughter of King Henry II and Eleanor of AQUITAINE (OF FRANCE),
BLANCHE12 OF CASTILE daughter of King Alfonso VIII "the Good" and Eleanor (of ENGLAND), Queen of Castile, was born in March 1188 in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, died on 27 Nov. 1252 in Paris and was buried in Maubuisson Abbey, Maubuisson, Seine-Et-Oise, France. She married in Pont Audemer, on 23 May 1200, KING LOUIS VIII OF FRANCE
KING LOUIS IX17 OF FRANCE son of King Louis VIII and Blanche (of CASTILE), was born on 25 April 1215 in Chateau Ofpoissy, died on 25 Aug. 1270 Near Tunis He married in Sens, on 27 May 1234, MARGUERITE OF PROVENCE, QUEEN OF FRANCE, daughter of Count Raymond Berenger V and Countess Beatrix (of SAVOY),
KING PHILIP III18 OF FRANCE, son of King Louis IX17 and Marguerite (of PROVENCE), Queen of France, was born on 1 May 1245 in Poissy, died on 5 Oct. 1285 in Perpignan and was buried on 3 Dec. 1285 in Saint Denis, Seine-Saint-Deni. He married (1st) in 1262, ISABELLA OF ARAGON, daughter of King James I and Yolande (of HUNGARY),
KING PHILIP IV THE FAIR19 OF FRANCE son of King Philip III18 and Isabella (of ARAGON), was born in 1268, and died on 29 Nov. 1314. He married JEANNE OF NAVARRE, daughter of Henry I and Blanche18 (of ARTOIS), Princess of France OF NAVARRE,
ISABELLA20 OF FRANCE daughter of King Philip IV the Fair19 and Jeanne (of NAVARRE), was born in 1292, and died on 22 Aug. 1358[1]. She married KING EDWARD II OF ENGLAND of Dedham, son of Edward I "Longshanks", King of England and Eleanor (of CASTILE)
Edward III born at Windsor Castle on 13 November 1312died 21 June 1377 He married Philippa of Hainault)
John (of Gaunt) Plantagenet 1st Duke of Lancaster KGborn 6 March 1340 died 3 February 1399) (son of King Edward III Plantagenet and Philippa of Hainault) was born June 24, 1340 in Ghent, Flanders, Belgium, and died February 03, 1398/99 in London, England. He married Katherine Rouet on January 13, 1396/97 in Linconshire, England, daughter of Payne Rouet.
Edward III born at Windsor Castle on 13 November 1312died 21 June 1377 He married Philippa ofHainault)
Edmund Plantagenet of Langley, Prince, Born: 5 June 1341 married the Princess Isabel of Castile & Leon, daughter of King Pedro "the Cruel".of Castile and María de Padilla.
Constance of York, d/o Edmund of Langley andIsabella, was a daughter of King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla, Constance was a mistress ofEdmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent, 5th Baron Holand, KGborn 6 January 1384died 15 September 1408 grandson of King Henry III
Constance of York, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1374 – 29 November 1416) was the only daughter of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York and his wife Isabella of Castile, daughter of Pedro of Castile and Maria de Padilla. On about 7 November 1379, Constance married Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (22 September 1373 – 16 January 1400), who was eventually beheaded at Bristol. She was involved in an affair with Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent and had a daughter by him, Eleanor de Holland. Eleanor was later married to James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley.
In 1405, during the rebellion of Owain Glynd?r, Constance, who held Caerphilly Castle, arranged the escape of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, from Windsor Castle, apparently intending to deliver the young earl, who had the best claim to the throne of any of Henry IV's rivals, to his uncle Edmund who was married to Glyndwr's daughter. The earl was recaptured before entering Wales. When Constance died in 1416, she was buried at the High altar in Reading Abbey.
Eleanor de Holland, natural d/o Constance of York and Edmund Holland, born in c. 1406 married James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley.
Anne Touchet daughter of James Touchet 5th Lord Audley and Eleanor Holand. She married Sir Richard de la Bere died 16 Oct 1514

George De La Bereof Tibberton, Herefordshire. Born Abt 1476. married Sybil Walwyn d/o Thomas Walywn
Kynard de la Bere married Elizabeth Huddleston d/o Sir Knight John HUDDLESTON died 22 JAN 1547John de la Bere brother of Richard de la Bere
John de la Bere oldest son married Syble d/o John Scudamore of Holme Lacy King's Auditor and Receiver in Worcs, Herefordshire, Salop and Staffs.
Kynard de la Bere of Tibberton in Hereford and Southam Delebere oldest son and heir and second husband of Blanche Spencer d/o Thomas Spencer, Esq. by Margaret Williams d/o Thomas Williams.
Kynard de la Bere married Joan Hales d/o John Hales, Esq of Coventry co of Hereford. John Hales, esq. founded the Free Grammer School in Coventry in 1545.
Miss Delabere b 1462 m Robert Rufford
John Rufford b. 1480 m. Miss Welles
Walter Rufford m. Margaret Colles
Roger Rufford b. 1545 m. Joane Jeffries
Joan Rufford m. William Prichett
John Prichett m. Anna Newsam
Ann Prichett m. William Angell
William Angell m. Mary